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Question: Prepare a table identifying the several energy transitions that take place during a typical operation of an automobile.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Types of operation in an automobile

Energy transition during the operation

Ignition (starting motor)

Chemical energy (fuel) into thermal energy.

Acceleration

Thermal energy into mechanical energy (kinetic).

Operating headlights, horns, and indicators

Chemical energy (battery) into electrical energy.

Applying brakes

Kinetic energy into thermal energy.

Step by step solution

01

Energy

Energy is defined as the ability to do work. It is present in different forms. The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of a system remains conserved.

But, we can convert one form of energy into another to do work. This energy transition helps us in our day-to-day work.

02

Chemical energy to thermal energy

When we start an automobile, the fuel in the tank of the automobile burns and provides heat energy, which pushes the pistons of the automobile, which in turn starts the automobile. This operation is termed an ignition.

03

Thermal energy to mechanical energy

When automobiles are accelerated, the amount of fuel that burns inside the piston increases, thus providing more heat energy. This puts pressure on the piston, and it acquires mechanical energy.

04

Chemical energy to electrical energy

The headlights, horns, and indicators of an automobile run through the electrical energy supplied by the battery of the automobile. The battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy.

05

Kinetic energy to thermal energy

When we apply brakes, the automobile stops, converting the kinetic energy into thermal energy in the form of friction.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A 45-g aluminum spoon (specific heat 0.88 J/g °C) at 24°C is placed in 180 mL (180 g) of coffee at 85°C and the temperature of the two becomes equal.

(a) What is the final temperature when the two become equal? Assume that coffee has the same specific heat as water.

(b) The first time a student solved this problem she got an answer of 88 °C. Explain why this is clearly an incorrect answer.

Assume that the coffee has the same density and specific heat as water.

How many kilojoules of heat will be released when exactly 1 mole of manganese, Mn, is burned to form Mn3O4(s) at standard state conditions?

Question: An aluminum kettle weighs 1.05 kg.

(a) What is the heat capacity of the kettle?

(b) How much heat is required to increase the temperature of this kettle from 23.0 °C to 99.0 °C?

(c) How much heat is required to heat this kettle from 23.0 °C to 99.0 °C if it contains 1.25 L of water (density of 0.997 g/mL and specific heat of 4.184 J/g °C)?

Calculate ΔHfor the process:

\({{\bf{N}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g) + 2}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}} \to {\bf{2N}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}}\)

from the following information:

\({{\bf{N}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g) + }}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}} \to {\bf{2NO(g)}};{\bf{ \Delta H = 180}}{\bf{.5 kJ}}\)

\({\bf{NO(g) + 1/2 }}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}} \to {\bf{N}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}};{\bf{ \Delta H = - 57}}{\bf{.06 kJ}}\)

The reaction of 50ml of acid and 50ml of base described in example 5.5 increased the temperature of the solution by 6.9 degrees. How much would the temperature have increased if 100ml of acid and 100ml base had been used in the same calorimeter starting at the same temperature of 22ËšC? Explain your answer.

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