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Chapter 4: Q8E (page 215)
Fill in the blank with a single chemical formula for a covalent compound that will balance the equation:
The complete balanced equation is represented as below:
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Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), NaHCO3, can be purified by dissolving it in hot water (60掳C), filtering to remove insoluble impurities, cooling to 0 掳C to precipitate solid NaHCO3 , and then filtering to remove the solid, leaving soluble impurities in solution. Any NaHCO3 that remains in solution is not recovered. The solubility of NaHCO3 in hot water of 60 掳C is 164 g/L. Its solubility in cold water of 0 掳C is 69 g/L. What is the percent yield of NaHCO3 when it is purified by this method?
Identify the atoms that are oxidized and reduced, the change in the oxidation state for each, and the oxidizing and reducing agents in each of the following equations:
(a)\(Mg\left( s \right) + NiC{l_2}\left( {aq} \right) \to MgC{l_2}\left( {aq} \right) + Ni\left( s \right)\)
(b)\(PC{l_3}\left( l \right) + C{l_2}\left( g \right) \to PC{l_5}\left( s \right)\)
(c)\({C_2}{H_4}\left( g \right) + 3{O_2}\left( g \right) \to 2C{O_2}\left( g \right) + 2{H_2}O\left( g \right)\)
(d)\(Zn\left( s \right) + {H_2}S{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) \to ZnS{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}\left( g \right)\)
(e) \(2{K_2}{S_2}{O_3}\left( s \right) + {I_2}\left( s \right) \to {K_2}{S_4}{O_6}\left( s \right) + 2KI\left( s \right)\)
(f) \(3Cu\left( s \right) + 8HN{O_3}\left( {aq} \right) \to 3Cu{\left( {N{O_3}} \right)_2}\left( {aq} \right) + 2NO\left( g \right) + 4{H_2}O\left( l \right)\)
Which solution could be used to precipitate barium ion Ba2+, in a water sample, Sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, or sodium sulfate. What is the formula for the expected precipitate?
Consider molecular, complete ionic and net ionic equations.
(a) What is the difference between these types of equations?
(b) In what circumstances would the complete ionic and net ionic equations for a reaction be identical?
Toluene, C6H5CH3, is oxidized by air under carefully controlled conditions to benzoic acid, C6H5CO2H, which is used to prepare the food preservative sodium benzoate, C6H5CO2Na. What is the percent yield of a reaction that converts 1.000 kg of toluene to 1.21 kg of benzoic acid? \(2{C_6}{H_5}C{H_3} + 3{O_2} \to 2{C_6}{H_5}C{O_2}H + 2{H_2}O\).
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