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Chapter 18: Q34E (page 1041)

Describe the hybridization and the bonding of a silicon atom in elemental silicon.

Short Answer

Expert verified

A silicon atom in elemental silicon has \({\rm{s}}{{\rm{p}}^{\rm{3}}}\) hybridization. Each silicon atom can bond with other four atomsand it has a tetrahedral geometry.

Step by step solution

01

Hybridization

A new hybrid orbital forms when the atomic orbitals undergo mixing and this process is called hybridization. A hybridized orbital has different energies and shapes.

02

Determination of  the hybridization and bonding of silicon 

  • Silicon is one of the most abundant elements on our planet.

This metalloid (silicon) has the atomic number 14and it has a tetrahedral configuration.This is because each silicon atom depicts an\({\bf{s}}{{\bf{p}}^{\bf{3}}}\)hybridization and results in the formation of single bonds between two siliconatoms. One siliconatom can bond with four other atoms in a tetrahedral form.

  • Thus, the molecular structure of elemental silicon is as shown below.


Tetrahedral geometry

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The reaction of calcium hydride,\({\rm{Ca}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}\), with water can be characterized as a Lewis acid-base reaction: \({\rm{Ca}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}\left( {\rm{s}} \right){\rm{ + 2}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{O}}\left( {\rm{l}} \right) \to {\rm{Ca}}{\left( {{\rm{OH}}} \right)_{\rm{2}}}\left( {{\rm{aq}}} \right){\rm{ + 2}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}\left( {\rm{g}} \right)\).

Identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base among the reactants. The reaction is also an oxidation-reduction reaction. Identify the oxidizing agent, the reducing agent, and the changes in oxidation number that occur in the reaction.

Is the reaction of rubidium with water more or less vigorous than that of sodium? How does the rate of reaction of magnesium compare?

Why does the reactivity of the alkali metals decrease from cesium to lithium?

The reaction of quicklime,\({\rm{CaO}}\), with water produces slaked lime, \({\rm{Ca}}{({\rm{OH}})_2}\), which is widely used in the construction industry to make mortar and plaster. The reaction of quicklime and water is highly exothermic: \({\rm{CaO}}(s) + {{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}(l) \to {\rm{Ca}}{({\rm{OH}})_2}(s)\;\;\;\Delta H = - 350\;{\rm{kJ}}\;{\rm{mo}}{{\rm{l}}^{ - 1}}\)

(a) What is the enthalpy of reaction per gram of quicklime that reacts?

(b) How much heat, in kilojoules, is associated with the production of 1 ton of slaked lime?

Give balanced equations for the overall reaction in the electrolysis of molten lithium chloride and for the reactions occurring at the electrodes. You may wish to review the chapter on electrochemistry for relevant examples.
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