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Chapter 12: Q1E (page 701)

What is the difference between average rate, initial rate, and instantaneous rate?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The main difference between the average rate, initial rate, and instantaneous rate is the amount of concentration and time taken. For average rate, change of concentration for a period is considered, whereas initial and instantaneous rates are for a particular time. The initial rate is the rate at the very beginning of the reaction, whereas instantaneous could be for any particular time at which the reaction is occurring.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the term rate

Rate is defined as the change in the concentration of reactant or product per unit of time and is given by the following formula:

\({\bf{Rate of reaction = }}\frac{{{\bf{Change in concentration of reactant or product}}}}{{{\bf{Time}}\,{\bf{taken}}}}\)

02

Understand the term average rate

The rate of a chemical reaction is a ratio of change of the concentration at any given time period over the time when the change has occurred.

03

Understand the term initial rate

The rate of a chemical reaction at the very beginning is known as the initial rate.

04

Understand the term instantaneous rate

The rate of a chemical reaction at any given instant of time is called the instantaneous rate of that particular time.

05

Determine the difference between average, initial, and instantaneous rates.

The main difference between the average, initial, and instantaneous rate is the amount of concentration taken and the time period for which change has occurred.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

When every collision between reactants leads to a reaction, what determines the rate at which the reaction occurs?

Go to the PhET Reactions & Rates interactive. Use the Single Collision tab to represent how the collision between monatomic oxygen (O) and carbon monoxide (CO) results in the breaking of one bond and the formation of another. Pull back on the red plunger to release the atom and observe the results. Then, click on 鈥淩eload Launcher鈥� and change to 鈥淎ngled shot鈥� to see the difference.

  1. What happens when the angle of the collision is changed?
  2. Explain how this is relevant to rate of reaction.

The rate constant at 325掳C for the decomposition reaction \({{\bf{C}}_{\bf{4}}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{8}}} \to {\bf{2}}{{\bf{C}}_{\bf{2}}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{4}}}\)is 6.1 脳 10鈭�8 s鈭�1, and the activation energy is 261 kJ per mole of\({{\bf{C}}_{\bf{4}}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{8}}}\). Determine the frequency factor for the reaction.

Account for the relationship between the rate of a reaction and its activation energy.

In the PhET Reactions & Rates (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PHETreaction) interactive, on the Many Collisions tab, set up a simulation with 15 molecules of A and 10 molecules of BC. Select 鈥淪how Bonds鈥� under Options.

  1. Leave the Initial Temperature at the default setting. Observe the reaction. Is the rate of reaction fast or slow?
  2. Click 鈥淧ause鈥� and then 鈥淩eset All,鈥� and then enter 15 molecules of A and 10 molecules of BC once again. Select 鈥淪how Bonds鈥� under Options. This time, increase the initial temperature until, on the graph, the total average energy line is completely above the potential energy curve. Describe what happens to the reaction
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