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Chapter 3: Q 34E (page 169)

Question: Determine the following to four significant figures-

(a) The percent composition of hydrazoic acid, HN3

(b) The percent composition of TNT, C6H2CH3(NO2)3

(c) The percent of SO42- in Al2(SO4)3

Short Answer

Expert verified

a) The percentage composition of H in hydrazoic acid is 2.326% and the percentage composition of N in hydrazoic acid is 97.67%.

b) The percentage composition of H in TNT is 2.183%.

The percentage composition of C in TNT is 36.68%.

The percentage composition of N in TNT is 18.34%.

The percentage composition of O in TNT is 42.78%.

c) The percentage composition of SO42- in Al2(SO4)3 is 28.07%.

Step by step solution

01

Percent composition of hydrazoic acid.

The percentage of H in a hydrazoic acid is calculated as:

\[\begin{array}{l}Percentagecomposition = \frac{{{\rm{mass}}\,{\rm{of}}\,{\rm{hydrogen}}}}{{{\rm{total}}\,{\rm{mass}}\,{\rm{of}}\,{\rm{compound}}}} \times 100\\\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; = \frac{1}{{1 + 3 \times 14}} \times 100\\\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; = 2.326\% .\end{array}\]

We will subtract the percentage composition of H from 100 because the total percentage composition to obtain is the percentage composition of N in hydrazoic acid.

Therefore, 100-2.326=97.67% N in hydrazoic acid.

02

Step 2- Percent composition of TNT

The molar mass of TNT = 12x7 + 5x1 + 14x3 + 6x16 = 229g/mol.

\(\begin{array}{l}Percentage{\rm{ }}composition{\rm{ }}of{\rm{ }}H{\rm{ }}in{\rm{ }}TNT = \frac{{{\rm{mass}}\,{\rm{of}}\,{\rm{hydrogen}}}}{{{\rm{total}}\,{\rm{mass}}\,{\rm{of}}\,{\rm{compound}}}} \times 100\\\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; = \frac{{1 \times 5}}{{229}} \times 100\\\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; = 2.183\% .\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}Percentage{\rm{ }}composition{\rm{ }}of{\rm{ }}C{\rm{ }}in{\rm{ }}TNT = \frac{{{\rm{mass}}\,{\rm{of}}\,{\rm{carbon}}}}{{{\rm{total}}\,{\rm{mass}}\,{\rm{of}}\,{\rm{compound}}}} \times 100\\\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; = \frac{{7 \times 12}}{{229}} \times 100\\\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; = 36.68\% .\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}Percentage{\rm{ }}composition{\rm{ }}of{\rm{ }}N{\rm{ }}in{\rm{ }}TNT = \frac{{{\rm{mass}}\,{\rm{of}}\,{\rm{nitrogen}}}}{{{\rm{total}}\,{\rm{mass}}\,{\rm{of}}\,{\rm{compound}}}} \times 100\\\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; = \frac{{3 \times 14}}{{229}} \times 100\\\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; = 18.34\% .\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}Percentage{\rm{ }}composition{\rm{ }}of{\rm{ }}O{\rm{ }}in{\rm{ }}TNT = \frac{{{\rm{mass}}\,{\rm{of}}\,{\rm{oxygen}}}}{{{\rm{total}}\,{\rm{mass}}\,{\rm{of}}\,{\rm{compound}}}} \times 100\\\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; = \frac{{6 \times 16}}{{229}} \times 100\\\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; = 42.78\% .\end{array}\)

03

Percent composition of SO42- in Al2(SO4)3

The mass of S = 32g/mol.

The mass of O = 16/mol.

The mass of Al = 27g/mol.

The molar mass of SO42- = 32+4x16 = 96g/mol.

The molar mass of Al2(SO4)3= 342g/mol.

\(\begin{array}{l}The{\rm{ }}percentage{\rm{ }}of{\rm{ }}S{O_4}^2 = \frac{{96}}{{342}} \times 100\\\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; = 28.07\% .\end{array}\)

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