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Chapter 10: Q10.35P (page 406)

Determine the electron-group arrangement, molecular shape, and ideal bond angle(s) for each of the following:

(a)SO42-

(b)NO2-

(c)PH3

Short Answer

Expert verified

The shapes and bond angles of molecules can be determined from the VSEPR theory. The deviations arise mainly due to lone pair-lone pair repulsions.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1:  SO42-

The shape of the molecule is Tetrahedral. The central sulphur atom is sp3hybridized with an expected bond angle of109.5o. However, lone pair-bond pair repulsion on sulphur reduces the bond angle from the expected value.

02

Step 2: NO2-

The molecule has a bent or V-shaped shape. The nitrogen atom is sp3hybridized with an expected bond angle of120o.The lone pair on nitrogen reduces the bond angle from the expected value.

03

Step 3: PH3

The shape of the molecule is Pyramidal. The phosphrous atom is sp3hybridized with expected bond angle of109.5o. However, the lone pair on phosphorous reduces the bond angle from the expected value.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: Draw a Lewis structure for a resonance form of each ion with the lowest possible formal charges, show the charges, and give oxidation numbers of the atoms:

a) BrO3

b) SO32-.

Because both tin and carbon are members of Group 4A(14), they form structurally similar compounds. But tin exhibits a greater variety of structures because it forms several ionic species. Predict the shapes and ideal bond angles, including any deviations:

(a)Sn(CH3)2

(b)Sn(Cl)3-

(c)Sn(CH3)4

(d)SnF5-

(e)role="math" localid="1658787395151" SnF6-

Ethanol ( CH3CH2OH ) is being used as a gasoline additive or alternative in many parts of the world.

  1. Use bond energies to find role="math" localid="1658829887119" 螖贬掳rxnfor the combustion of gaseous ethanol. (Assumerole="math" localid="1658829903069" H2O forms as a gas.)
  2. In its standard state at25掳C , ethanol is a liquid. Its vaporization requires 40.5 kJ/mol. Correct the value from part (a) to find the heat of reaction for the combustion of liquid ethanol.
  3. How does the value from part (b) compare with the value you calculate from standard heats of formation (Appendix B)?
  4. 鈥淕reener鈥� methods produce ethanol from corn and other plant material, but the main industrial method involves hydrating ethylene from petroleum. Use Lewis structures and bond energies to calculate螖贬掳rxn for the formation of gaseous ethanol from ethylene gas with water vapor.

These species do not obey the octet rule. Draw a Lewis structure for each, and state the type of octet-rule exception:

(a)PF6-

(b)ClO3

(c) H3PO3 (one P卤H bond)

Dinitrogen monoxide (N2O ) supports combustion in a manner similar to oxygen, with the nitrogen atoms forming N2. Draw three resonance structures forN2O (one N is central), and use formal charges to decide the relative importance of each. What correlation can you suggest between the most important structure and the observation thatN2O supports combustion?

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