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Chapter 2: Q4.71P (page 40)
Give the oxidation number of chromium in the following:
You need to provide the oxidation number of chromium for the given compounds.
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An ionic compound forms when calcium (Z = 20) reacts with iodide (Z = 53). If a sample of the compound contains calcium ions, how many iodide ions does it contain?
Which of the following are pure substances? Explain.
(a) Calcium chloride, used to melt ice on roads, consists of two elements, calcium and chlorine, in a fixed mass ratio.
(b) Sulfur consists of sulfur atoms combined into octatomic molecules.
(c) Baking powder, a leavening agent, contains 26% to 30% sodium hydrogen carbonate and 30% to 35% calcium dihydrogen phosphate by mass.
(d) Cytosine, a component of DNA, consists of H, C, N, and O atoms bonded in a specific arrangement.
Describe the essential features of a scientific model.
(a) Does the percent by mass of each element in a compound depend on the amount of compound? Explain.
(b) Does the mass of each element in a compound depend on the amount of compound? Explain.
Identify the mass law that each of the following observations demonstrates, and explain your reasoning:
(a) A sample of potassium chloride from Chile contains the same percent by mass of potassium as one from Poland.
(b) A flashbulb contains magnesium and oxygen before use and magnesium oxide afterward, but its mass does not change.
(c) Arsenic and oxygen form one compound that is 65.2 mass % arsenic and another that is 75.8 mass % arsenic.
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