91Ó°ÊÓ

The effects on matter ofrays andparticles differ. Explain

What is a cation-electron pair, and how does it form?

Why is ionizing radiation more harmful to children than adults?

Why is .OH more dangerous than ${\mathbf{OH}}^{-}$ in an organism?

A $\mathbf{\text{135}}$-lb person absorbs ${\mathbf{\text{3.3×10}}}^{\mathbf{\text{-7}}}\mathbf{\text{J}}$of energy from radioactive emissions.

(a) How many rads does she receive?

(b) How many grays (Gy) does she receive?

A $\mathbf{\text{3.6}}$-kg laboratory animal receives a single dose of data-custom-editor="chemistry" ${\mathbf{\text{8.92×10}}}^{\mathbf{\text{-4}}}$Gy.

(a) How many rads did the animal receive?

(b) How many joules did the animal absorb?

A $\text{70}$.-kg person exposed to$\text{90}$ Sr absorbs ${\mathbf{\text{6x10}}}^{\mathbf{\text{5}}}\mathbf{\text{β}}$particles, each with an nergy of${\mathbf{\text{8.74x10}}}^{\mathbf{\text{-14}}}$ J.

(a) How many grays does the person receive?

(b) If the RBE is$\mathbf{\text{1.0}}$ , how many millirems is this?

(c) What is the equivalent dose in sieverts (Sv)?

A laboratory rat weighs $\mathbf{\text{265}}$g and absorbsdata-custom-editor="chemistry" ${\mathbf{\text{1.77×10}}}^{\mathbf{\text{10}}}{\mathbf{\text{β}}}^{\mathbf{\text{-}}}$ particles, each with an energy ofdata-custom-editor="chemistry" ${\mathbf{\text{2.20×10}}}^{\mathbf{\text{-13}}}$ J.

(a) How many rads does the animal receive?

(b) What is this dose in Gy?

(c) If the RBE is $\mathbf{\text{0.75}}$, what is the equivalent dose in Sv?

A small region of a cancer patient’s brain is exposed for 24.0 min to 475 Bq of radioactivity from60Co for treatment of a tumor. If the brain mass exposed is $\text{1.858}$g and each particle emitted has an energy of ${\mathbf{\text{5.05×10}}}^{\mathbf{\text{-14}}}\mathbf{\text{J}}$, what is the dose in rads

What two ways are radioactive tracers used in organisms?