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Chapter 16: Q16.65 P (page 731)

Is the rate of an overall reaction lower, higher, or equal to the average rate of the individual steps? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The individual steps of a reaction rate can be fast as well as slow. The average of the individual rates includes the average if fast as well as slow step. On the other hand, the overall reaction rate is the rate of the slowest step only. Hence, it would be lesser as compared to the average of the individual rates.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1: What is average rate

The average rate of reaction is calculated by averaging the change in concentration over a period of time. Chemical reactions occur at different rates. A response rate is usually defined as the change in the concentration of a chemical over time.

02

Step 2: Average rate of the individual steps

A reaction rate's individual steps might be both rapid and slow. The average of individual rates takes into account both quick and slow steps. The entire reaction rate, on the other hand, is simply the rate of the slowest step. As a result, it would be lower than the average of the individual rates.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The decomposition of NOBr is studied manometrically because the number of moles of gas changes; it cannot be studied colorimetrically because both NOBr and Br2 are reddish-brown:

2NOBr(g)鈫�2NO(g)+Br2(g)

Use the data below to answer the following:

(a) Determine the average rate over the entire experiment.

(b) Determine the average rate between 2.00 and 4.00 s.

(c) Use graphical methods to estimate the initial reaction rate.

(d) Use graphical methods to estimate the rate at 7.00 s.

(e) At what time does the instantaneous rate equal the average rate over the entire experiment?

Time (s)

[NOBr] (mol/L)

0.00

0.0100

2.00

0.0071

4.00

0.0055

6.00

0.0045

8.00

0.0038

10.00

0.0033

If the temperature in Problem 16.60 is increased to 50鈭�C, by what factor does the fraction of collisions with energy equal to or greater than the activation energy change?

Ina kinetics experiment, a chemist places crystals of iodine in a closed reaction vessel, introduces a given quantity of hydrogen gas, and obtains data to calculate the rate of hydrogen iodide formation. In a second experiment, she uses the same amounts of iodine and hydrogen, but first warms the flask to 130 degrees Celsius, a temperature above the sublimation point of iodine. In which of these experiments does the reaction proceed at a higher rate? Explain.

Reaction rate is expressed in terms of changes in the concentration of reactants and products. Write a balanced equation forRate=-12鈭�N2O5鈭�t=14鈭�NO2鈭�t=鈭�O2鈭�t

Like any catalyst, palladium, platinum, and nickel catalyze both directions of a reaction: the addition of hydrogen to (hydrogenation) and its elimination from (dehydrogenation) carbon double bonds.

(a) Which variable determines whether an alkene will be hydrogenated or dehydrogenated?

(b) Which reaction requires a higher temperature?

(c) How can all-trans fats arise during the hydrogenation of fats that contain some cis-double bonds?
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