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Chapter 19: Q19.1P (page 872)

What is the purpose of an acid-base buffer?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Buffers can withstand a large pH change.

Step by step solution

01

Acidic buffer solution

An acidic buffer solution is formed by mixing a weak acid with the salt having its conjugate base.

02

Basic buffer solution

A basic buffer solution is the one which is formed by combining a weak base with a salt solution of its conjugate acid.

03

Step 3:Purpose of buffer solution

Buffer solutions can withstand pH changes because their weak acid or base and conjugate salt parings allow them to neutralise any changes within a specified range that differs between buffers. A buffer solution may begin to fail to stabilise the pH level if the pH is changed substantially.

Hence Buffers resist the dramatic change in pH.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The solubility of $Ag(I)$ in aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of ${Cl}^{-}$ is based on the following equilibria:

${Ag}^{+} {(aq) + Cl}^{-} (aq) 鈫� AgCl(s) K_{sp} {=1.8脳10}^{- 10}$

${Ag}^{+} {(aq) + 2Cl}^{-} (aq) 鈬� {AgCl}_{2}^{-} (aq) {碍=1.8脳10}^{5}$

When solid $AgCl$ is shaken with a solution containing ${Cl}^{-},Ag(I)$ is present as both ${Ag}^{+}$ and ${AgCl}_{2}^{-}$ . The solubility of $AgCl$ is the sum of the concentrations of ${Ag}^{+}$ and ${AgCl}_{2}^{-}$ .

(a) Show that $[{Ag}^{+}]$ in solution is given by

$[{Ag}^{+}] {=1.8脳10}^{- 10} / [{Cl}^{-}]$

and that $[{AgCl}_{2}^{-}]$ in solution is given by

$[{AgCl}_{2}^{-}] = ({3.2脳10}^{- 5}) ([{Cl}^{-}])$

(b) Find the $[{Cl}^{-}]$ at which $[{Ag}^{+}] = [AgC {l_{2}}^{-}]$

(c) Explain the shape of a plot of $AgCl$ solubility vs. $[{Cl}^{-}]$ .

(d) Find the solubility of $AgCl$ at the $[{Cl}^{-}]$ of part (b), which is the minimum solubility of $AgCl$ in the presence of ${Cl}^{-}$ .

$NaCl$ is purified by adding $HCl$ to a saturated solution of $NaCl (317 g / L)$ . When $28.5 mL$ of $8.65 M HCl$ is added to $0.100 L$ of saturated solution, what mass (g) of pure $NaCl$ precipitates?

What is the component concentration ratio, $[B r O^{-}] / [H B r O]$ ,of a buffer that has a pH of7.95( $K_{a}$ of $H B r O = 2.3 脳 10^{- 9}$ )?

Choose specific acid-base conjugate pairs to make the following buffers: (a) $pH 鈮� 4.5$ ; (b) $pH 鈮� 4.5$ . (See Appendix C.)

A buffer consists of 0.50M ${NaH}_{2} {PO}_{4}$ and 0.40M ${Na}_{2} {HPO}_{4}$ . Phosphoric acid is a triprotic acid ( $K_{a1} {= 7.2脳10}^{- 3} {,K}_{a2} {= 6.3脳10}^{- 8}$ and $K_{a3} {= 4.2脳10}^{- 1}$ ).

(a) Which $K_{a}$ value is most important to this buffer?

(b) What is the buffer pH?

See all solutions

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