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Chapter 12: Q12.47P (page 495)

Which member in each pair of liquids has the higher vapour pressure at a given temperature? Explain.

(a) C2H6or C4H10 (b) CH3CH2OHorCH3CH2F (c) NH3orPH3

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. C2H6 or C4H10: The molecule C4H10shows more polarizability thanC4H10 molecule.
  2. CH3CH2OHorCH3CH2F:CH3CH2F : The molecule shows more polarizability than CH3CH2F.
  3. NH3orPH3: The molecule PH3 shows more polarizability than NH3.

Step by step solution

01

Intermolecular Forces 

Intermolecular forces are the interaction which are formed by the attraction of the two having opposite charges (partial positive and partial negative charge). The opposite charge are formed by the presence of the electron-negative atom in the molecule. Due to the presence of an electron-negative atom, there is and induced partial positive charge is generated on the electron-positive charge (or less electron-negative charge) atom. There will be an attraction between the both oppositely charges to form a bond.

Polarizability can be defined as the ability of the atom which distort the electron cloud of other molecules by the electron of the molecule.

02

Inter-particle interaction Explanation

Theinter-particle interaction is a type of attraction between the atoms in the molecule.

(a)C2H6 or C4H10:The molecule C4H10shows more polarizability than C2H6molecule.

The reason behind this is that the size of the cation is smaller as the electron cloud is near to the nucleus whereas the Ca is large in size.

(b) CH3CH2OHorCH3CH2F :The molecule CH3CH2OH shows more polarizability thanCH3CH2F . The reason behind this is that is larger in size which is proportional to thanCH3CH2F . The electron cloud is away from the nucleus which is capable of polarising the electron cloud of the molecule.

(c)NH3 or PH3: The molecule PH3 shows more polarizability than NH3. The reason behind this is that P-atom is larger in size which is proportional to than N-atom. The electron cloud of the P-atom is away from the nucleus which is capable of polarising the electron cloud of the molecule.

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