Problem 8 A mixture of sand and \(\mathrm{... [FREE SOLUTION]

Chapter 1: Problem 8

A mixture of sand and \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\) can be separated by _______ method.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Answer: The filtration method can be used to separate a mixture of sand and \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\) because it takes advantage of their solubility properties. Sand is insoluble in water, whereas \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\) is soluble in water. By dissolving the \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\) in water and filtering the mixture, the sand will remain on the filter paper and the dissolved \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\) will pass through and be collected in another container. Evaporating the filtrate will leave the solid \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\) behind, thus successfully separating the mixture.

Step by step solution

Identify the components of the mixture

We have a mixture of sand and \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\). Sand is insoluble in water, whereas \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\) is soluble in water.

Determine the appropriate separation method

We need a method that takes advantage of the solubility properties of the components. One suitable method is the "filtration" method.

Explain the filtration process

To use the filtration method, follow these steps: 1. Add the mixture to a beaker containing water. 2. Stir the mixture to dissolve the \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\) in the water. 3. Pour the mixture through a filter paper (placed inside a funnel) into another beaker. 4. The sand will remain on the filter paper, while the dissolved \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\) will pass through the filter paper and be collected in the second beaker. 5. Allow the filtrate (the liquid containing the dissolved \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\)) to evaporate, which will leave the solid \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\) behind. Using the filtration method, we have successfully separated the mixture of sand and \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Filtration

Filtration is a widely used separation technique. It's helpful for separating components with different solubility properties. When dealing with a mixture of sand and ammonium chloride, filtration becomes useful due to their differing behaviors in water.

The process involves pouring the mixture through filter paper, which is placed inside a funnel. This method relies on the principle that insoluble substances, like sand, will be trapped by the filter paper. Meanwhile, components that dissolve in water, such as ammonium chloride, pass through.

The sand stays on the filter paper as a residue.
The soluble ammonium chloride goes through as filtrate.

In essence, filtration helps to separate the components by capitalizing on their solubility properties.

Solubility

Solubility refers to a substance's ability to dissolve in a solvent, like water. It plays a crucial role in separating different components of a mixture. In our specific case, ammonium chloride dissolves well in water, while sand does not.

This disparity in solubility becomes useful when choosing a separation technique. By adding the mixture to water, only ammonium chloride dissolves, leaving sand as a separate entity. Once dissolved, ammonium chloride can be easily isolated by filtration or other methods.

Ammonium Chloride

Ammonium chloride (\(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\)) is a chemical compound that's highly soluble in water. Its solubility is a key factor that is exploited in chemical separation techniques. When mixed with sand, ammonium chloride dissolves completely when stirred with water.

This property allows it to pass through a filter paper as a solution. During evaporation, the dissolved ammonium chloride recrystallizes. This makes it easy to separate from sand in solid form once the water evaporates.

Sand

Sand is composed of tiny particles of minerals and is insoluble in water. This characteristic makes it distinguishable from substances like ammonium chloride. When mixed with water, sand remains as a solid, which allows it to be easily separated via filtration.

Sand particles are bigger than molecules of ammonium chloride solution, which is why they do not pass through filter paper. This aspect of sand is essential in mixture separation, as it gets trapped and stays out of the solution.

Separation Techniques

Separation techniques are methods used to separate components in a mixture based on their physical or chemical properties. One must understand the properties of each component to choose the most suitable technique. In our example, the different solubility levels of sand and ammonium chloride guide the choice of method.

Filtration is effective for mixtures where some components are insoluble in a solvent, while others are not. Other methods available include distillation, centrifugation, and crystallization. However, each technique hinges on unique properties like boiling points or particle sizes.

91影视

A mixture of sand and \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\) can be separated by _______ method.

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Identify the components of the mixture

Determine the appropriate separation method

Explain the filtration process

Key Concepts

Filtration

Solubility

Ammonium Chloride

Sand

Separation Techniques

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