Chapter 7: Problem 83
Consider the stable elements through lead \((Z=82)\). In how many instances are the atomic weights of the elements in the reverse order relative to the atomic numbers of the elements? What is the explanation for these cases?
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Chapter 7: Problem 83
Consider the stable elements through lead \((Z=82)\). In how many instances are the atomic weights of the elements in the reverse order relative to the atomic numbers of the elements? What is the explanation for these cases?
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(a) How is the concept of effective nuclear charge used to simplify the numerous electron-electron repulsions in ? many-electron atom? (b) Which experiences a greater effective nuclear charge in a Be atom, the 1 s electrons or the 2 s electrons? Explain.
Consider \(\mathrm{S}, \mathrm{Cl}\), and \(\mathrm{K}\) and their most common ions. (a) List the atoms in order of increasing size (b) List the ions in order of increasing size. (c) Explain any differences in the orders of the atomic and ionic sizes.
For each of the following pairs, which element will have the greater metallic character: (a) Li or Be, (b) Li or Na, (c) Sn or \(\mathrm{P}_{\text {, }}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Al}\) or \(\mathrm{B}\) ?
(a) Why is cesium more reactive toward water than is lithium? (b) One of the alkali metals reacts with oxygen to form a solid white substance. When this substance is dissolved in water, the solution gives a positive test for hydrogen peroxide, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}\). When the solution is tested in a burner flame, a lilac-purple flame is produced. What is the likely identity of the metal? (c) Write a balanced chemical equation for reaction of the white substance with water.
Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs in each of the following cases: (a) Ozone decomposes to dioxygen. (b) Xenon reacts with fluorine. (Write three different equations.) (c) Sulfur reacts with hydrogen gas. (d) Fluorine reacts with water.
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