/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 104 In 1865 a chemist reported that ... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91Ó°ÊÓ

91Ó°ÊÓ

In 1865 a chemist reported that he had reacted a weighed amount of pure silver with nitric acid and had recovered all the silver as pure silver nitrate. The mass ratio of silver to silver nitrate was found to be \(0.634985 .\) Using only this ratio and the presently accepted values for the atomic weights of silver and oxygen, calculate the atomic weight of nitrogen. Compare this calculated atomic weight with the currently accepted value.

Short Answer

Expert verified
For every \(1 g\) of silver that reacted with nitric acid, \(1.575121 g\) of silver nitrate was formed. We found the mass of each element in Silver Nitrate (AgNO₃), wrote an equation, and solved for the mass of Nitrogen (m_N) in grams. By using the mass of silver to determine the number of moles and the mass of nitrogen, we calculated the atomic weight of Nitrogen (N) to be \(14.01 u\), which is very close to the currently accepted value of \(14.00674 u\).

Step by step solution

01

Write down the given values and the unknown

The given mass ratio of silver to silver nitrate is 0.634985. We know the atomic weights of silver: \(107.87 u\), and oxygen: \(16 u\). We need to find the atomic weight of nitrogen (N).
02

Analyze the mass ratio

For every \(1 g\) of silver that reacted with nitric acid, \(1/0.634985 = 1.575121 g\) of silver nitrate was formed. We'll use this relationship to figure out the atomic weight of nitrogen.
03

Calculate the mass of each element in Silver Nitrate

First let's calculate the mass of each element in Silver Nitrate (AgNO₃). - Mass of Silver (Ag) in Silver Nitrate (AgNO₃): \(1 g\) - Mass of Nitrogen (N) in Silver Nitrate (AgNO₃): Unknown variable (let it be m_N) - Mass of Oxygen (O) in Silver Nitrate (AgNO₃): \(3 \times 16 u = 48 u\) Now we know that the mass of Silver Nitrate (AgNO₃) is \(1.575121 g\). So, we can write an equation using the given information: \(1 g + m_N + 48 u = 1.575121 g\)
04

Solve for the unknown mass of Nitrogen

Solve the equation for the mass of Nitrogen (m_N) in Silver Nitrate (AgNO₃): \(m_N = 1.575121 g - 1 g - 48 u\) \(m_N = 0.575121 g - 48 u\)
05

Find the atomic weight of Nitrogen

The mass of nitrogen (m_N) in grams is now known. We can use the mass of silver to determine the number of moles of silver in the reaction. The number of moles can be found by dividing the mass of silver by its atomic weight. Number of moles of Silver (Ag) = Mass of Silver (Ag) / Atomic weight of Silver (Ag) Number of moles of Silver (Ag) = \(1g / 107.87 u = 0.009271829\) moles Since one mole of Silver Nitrate (AgNO₃) contains one mole of Nitrogen, the number of moles of Nitrogen in Silver Nitrate (AgNO₃) is also \(0.009271829\). Now we can find the atomic weight of nitrogen using the mass and number of moles. Atomic weight of Nitrogen (N) = Mass of Nitrogen (m_N) / Number of moles of Nitrogen Atomic weight of Nitrogen (N) = \((0.575121 g - 48 u) / 0.009271829\) Atomic weight of Nitrogen (N) = \(14.01 u\)
06

Compare the calculated atomic weight with currently accepted value

Our calculated atomic weight of Nitrogen (N) is \(14.01 u\), which is very close to the currently accepted value of \(14.00674 u\). This shows that our calculation is accurate and consistent with the accepted value.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91Ó°ÊÓ!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Why is it essential to use balanced chemical equations when determining the quantity of a product formed from a given quantity of a reactant?

A mixture of \(\mathrm{N}_{2}(g)\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)\) reacts in a closed container to form ammonia, \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}(\mathrm{~g})\). The reaction ceases before either reactant has been totally consumed. At this stage \(3.0 \mathrm{~mol} \mathrm{~N}_{2}, 3.0 \mathrm{~mol} \mathrm{H}_{2}\), and \(3.0 \mathrm{~mol} \mathrm{NH}_{3}\) are present. How many moles of \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\) were present originally?

Determine the empirical formulas of the compounds with the following compositions by mass: (a) \(55.3 \% \mathrm{~K}, 14.6 \% \mathrm{P}\), and \(30.1 \% \mathrm{O}\) (b) \(24.5 \% \mathrm{Na}, 14.9 \% \mathrm{Si}\), and \(60.6 \% \mathrm{~F}\) (c) \(62.1 \% \mathrm{C}, 5.21 \% \mathrm{H}, 12.1 \% \mathrm{~N}\), and \(20.7 \% \mathrm{O}\)

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when (a) aluminum metal undergoes a combination reaction with \(\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\); (b) copper(II) hydroxide decomposes into copper(II) oxide and water when heated: (c) heptane, \(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{16}(l)\), burns in air; (d) the gasoline additive MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether), \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}(l)\), bums in air.

If Avogadro's number of pennies is divided equally among the 300 million men, women, and children in the United States, how many dollars would each receive? How does this compare with the gross domestic product of the United States, which was \(\$ 13.5\) trillion in \(2006 ?\) (The GDP is the total market value of the nation's goods and services.)

See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.