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Chapter 21: Problem 9

Give the symbol for (a) a neutron, (b) an alpha particle, (c) gamma radiation.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) A neutron: \(n^0\) (b) An alpha particle: \(\alpha\) or \(_2^4 \textrm{He}^{2+}\) (c) Gamma radiation: \(\gamma\)

Step by step solution

01

(a) Symbol for a neutron)

To find the symbol for a neutron, remember that a neutron is a subatomic particle with no electrical charge. In physics and chemistry, the neutron is often represented by the symbol \(n^0\). The '0' in the superscript denotes its zero charge.
02

(b) Symbol for an alpha particle)

To find the symbol for an alpha particle, note that an alpha particle is equivalent to a helium-4 nucleus consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, and carrying a charge of +2. The symbol for an alpha particle is given by \(\alpha\) or \(_2^4 \textrm{He}^{2+}\). The '2' in the subscript represents the number of protons (the atomic number), and the '4' in the superscript represents the total number of nucleons (protons and neutrons), the mass number.
03

(c) Symbol for gamma radiation)

The last part of the exercise asks for the symbol for gamma radiation. Gamma radiation is electromagnetic radiation with very high energy and short wavelength. It is produced by nuclear reactions and other high-energy processes. The symbol for gamma radiation is \(\gamma\).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

How much energy must be supplied to break a single \({ }^{21}\) Ne nucleus into separated protons and neutrons if the nucleus has a mass of \(20.98846\) amu? What is the nuclear binding energy for 1 mol of \({ }^{21}\) Ne?

The nuclear masses of \({ }^{7} \mathrm{Be},{ }^{9} \mathrm{Be}\), and \({ }^{10} \mathrm{Be}\) are \(7.0147\), \(9.0100\), and \(10.0113\) amu, respectively. Which of these nuclei has the largest binding energy per nucleon?

Complete and balance the nuclear equations for the following fission or fusion reactions: (a) \({ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}+{ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}-\cdots{ }_{2}^{3} \mathrm{He}+\underline{ }\) (b) \({ }_{92}^{233} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n} \cdots \cdots{ }_{51}^{133} \mathrm{Sb}+{ }_{41}^{98} \mathrm{Nb}+-{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n}\)

A 26.00-g sample of water containing tritium, \({ }_{1}^{3} \mathrm{H}\), emits \(1.50 \times 10^{3}\) beta particles per second. Tritium is a weak beta emitter, with a half-life of \(12.3\) yr. What fraction of all the hydrogen in the water sample is tritium?

Based on the following atomic mass values \(-{ }^{1} \mathrm{H}\), \(1.00782 \mathrm{amu} ;{ }^{2} \mathrm{H}, 2.01410 \mathrm{amu} ;{ }^{3} \mathrm{H}, 3.01605 \mathrm{amu} ;{ }^{3} \mathrm{He}\), \(3.01603\) amu; \({ }^{4} \mathrm{He}, 4.00260\) amu-and the mass of the neutron given in the text, calculate the energy released per mole in each of the following nuclear reactions, all of which are possibilities for a controlled fusion process: (a) \({ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}+{ }_{1}^{3} \mathrm{H} \longrightarrow{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}+{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n}\) (b) \({ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}+{ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H} \longrightarrow{ }_{2}^{3} \mathrm{He}+{ }_{0}^{1} \mathrm{n}\) (c) \({ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}+{ }_{2}^{3} \mathrm{He} \longrightarrow{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}+{ }_{1} \mathrm{H}\)
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