/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 78 Suppose you are given a sample o... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 1: Problem 78

Suppose you are given a sample of a homogeneous liquid. What would you do to determine whether it is a solution or a pure substance?

Short Answer

Expert verified
To determine whether a homogeneous liquid is a solution or a pure substance, follow these steps: 1. Observe the liquid's appearance for consistency. 2. Heat the liquid and observe its boiling behavior, with a pure substance exhibiting a sharp boiling point and a solution having a boiling point range. 3. Examine residues after boiling, with no residues potentially indicating a pure substance and residues suggesting a solution. 4. Measure the refractive index; a constant value implies a pure substance, while varying values indicate a solution. 5. Perform a chromatography test to identify the components, with one component being a pure substance and multiple components indicating a solution.

Step by step solution

01

Observe the liquid sample

Look at the liquid and observe its appearance. A consistent or uniform appearance usually indicates a homogeneous substance, which could be a solution or a pure substance. If visible separation occurs, it is not a homogeneous substance and thus not a sample we are interested in.
02

Boil the liquid

Heat the liquid gently to observe its boiling behavior. A pure substance will typically have a sharp boiling point, meaning that it will boil and turn into a vapor at a specific temperature. A solution, however, will have a boiling point range, meaning that it will start boiling at a particular temperature and continue boiling over a range of temperatures, as different components vaporize at different temperatures.
03

Observe the residues

After boiling the liquid, observe the residues left behind. If there are no residues and the liquid completely evaporates (assuming it is not a volatile pure substance), it may be a pure substance. If there are residues left behind after boiling, it is likely a solution because the solute is left behind after the solvent has evaporated.
04

Conduct a refractive index test

Measure the refractive index of the liquid using a refractometer. A pure substance has a constant refractive index value, whereas the refractive index of a solution can vary depending upon the concentrations of the solutes dissolved in the solvent. If the refractive index value matches the known values of a pure substance, it can be identified as a pure substance. Otherwise, it's likely a solution.
05

Perform a chromatography test

Use a chromatography test (like paper chromatography or thin-layer chromatography) to analyze the components present in the liquid sample. If the test shows the presence of only one component, it is a pure substance. If the test shows the presence of multiple components, it is a solution. By following these steps, one can confidently determine whether a given homogeneous liquid is a solution or a pure substance.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Use appropriate metric prefixes to write the following measurements without use of exponents: (a) \(6.35 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{~L}\), (b) \(6.5 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{~s}\), (c) \(9.5 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~m}\), (d) \(4.23 \times 10^{-9} \mathrm{~m}^{3}\), (e) \(12.5 \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{~kg}\), (f) \(3.5 \times 10^{-10} \mathrm{~g}\) (g) \(6.54 \times 10^{9} \mathrm{fs}\).

A cylindrical rod formed from silicon is \(16.8 \mathrm{~cm}\) long and has a mass of \(2.17 \mathrm{~kg}\). The density of silicon is \(2.33 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\). What is the diameter of the cylinder? (The volume of a cylinder is given by \(\pi r^{2} h\), where \(r\) is the radius, and \(h\) is its length.)

(a) You are given a bottle that contains \(4.59 \mathrm{~cm}^{3}\) of a metallic solid. The total mass of the bottle and solid is \(35.66 \mathrm{~g}\). The empty bottle weighs \(14.23 \mathrm{~g}\). What is the density of the solid? (b) Mercury is traded by the "flask," a unit that has a mass of \(34.5 \mathrm{~kg}\). What is the volume of a flask of mercury if the density of mercury is \(13.5 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL} ?\) (c) A thief plans to steal a gold sphere with a radius of \(28.9 \mathrm{~cm}\) from a museum. If the gold has a density of \(19.3 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\) what is the mass of the sphere? [The volume of a sphere is \(\left.V=(4 / 3) \pi r^{3} .\right]\) Is he likely to be able to walk off with it unassisted?

Suggest a method of separating each of the following mixtures into two components: (a) sugar and sand, (b) iron and sulfur.

Label each of the following as either a physical process or a chemical process: (a) corrosion of aluminum metal, (b) melting of ice, (c) pulverizing an aspirin, (d) digesting a candy bar, (e) explosion of nitroglycerin.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.