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Chapter 1: Problem 19

Label each of the following as either a physical process or a chemical process: (a) corrosion of aluminum metal, (b) melting of ice, (c) pulverizing an aspirin, (d) digesting a candy bar, (e) explosion of nitroglycerin.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Corrosion of aluminum metal: Chemical process (b) Melting of ice: Physical process (c) Pulverizing an aspirin: Physical process (d) Digesting a candy bar: Chemical process (e) Explosion of nitroglycerin: Chemical process

Step by step solution

01

(a) Corrosion of aluminum metal

Corrosion is the process of gradual destruction of metal due to a chemical reaction with its surrounding environment, such as air or water. In the case of aluminum metal, the corrosion leads to the formation of aluminum oxide. Since the molecular composition changes, this is a chemical process.
02

(b) Melting of ice

Melting of ice involves the change of state from solid (ice) to liquid (water) without altering its molecular composition. Both ice and water are composed of H2O molecules, and therefore, it is a physical process.
03

(c) Pulverizing an aspirin

Pulverizing an aspirin tablet involves breaking it down into smaller pieces or powder without altering its molecular structure or composition. This process only changes the physical appearance of the aspirin tablet; hence, it is a physical process.
04

(d) Digesting a candy bar

Digesting a candy bar involves the breakdown of the complex substances present in the candy bar into simpler molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body. This process changes the molecular composition of the substances in the candy bar, so it is a chemical process.
05

(e) Explosion of nitroglycerin

An explosion of nitroglycerin is a chemical reaction in which nitroglycerin rapidly decomposes to produce various gaseous products and releases a large amount of energy in the form of heat, light, and sound. Since the molecular composition of nitroglycerin changes during the explosion, it is a chemical process.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Make the following conversions: (a) \(62^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\) to \({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), (b) \(216.7\) \({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to \({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\), (c) \(233^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to \(\mathrm{K}\), (d) \(315 \mathrm{~K}\) to \({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\), (e) \(2500^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\) to \(\mathrm{K}\).

(a) You are given a bottle that contains \(4.59 \mathrm{~cm}^{3}\) of a metallic solid. The total mass of the bottle and solid is \(35.66 \mathrm{~g}\). The empty bottle weighs \(14.23 \mathrm{~g}\). What is the density of the solid? (b) Mercury is traded by the "flask," a unit that has a mass of \(34.5 \mathrm{~kg}\). What is the volume of a flask of mercury if the density of mercury is \(13.5 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL} ?\) (c) A thief plans to steal a gold sphere with a radius of \(28.9 \mathrm{~cm}\) from a museum. If the gold has a density of \(19.3 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\) what is the mass of the sphere? [The volume of a sphere is \(\left.V=(4 / 3) \pi r^{3} .\right]\) Is he likely to be able to walk off with it unassisted?

(a) What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory? (b) Explain the difference between a theory and a scientific law. Which addresses how matter behaves, and which addresses why it behaves that way?

(a) The speed of light in a vacuum is \(2.998 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). Calculate its speed in \(\mathrm{km} / \mathrm{hr} .\) (b) The Sears Tower in Chicago is \(1454 \mathrm{ft}\) tall. Calculate its height in meters. (c) The Vehicle Assembly Building at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida has a volume of \(3,666,500 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\). Convert this volume to liters, and express the result in standard exponential notation. (d) An individual suffering from a high cholesterol level in her blood has \(232 \mathrm{mg}\) of cholesterol per \(100 \mathrm{~mL}\) of blood. If the total blood volume of the individual is \(5.2 \mathrm{~L}\), how many grams of total blood cholesterol does the individual's body contain?

Two students determine the percentage of lead in a sample as a laboratory exercise. The true percentage is \(22.52 \%\). The students' results for three determinations are as follows: 1\. \(22.52,22.48,22.54\) 2\. \(22.64,22.58,22.62\) (a) Calculate the average percentage for each set of data, and tell which set is the more accurate based on the average. (b) Precision can be judged by examining the average of the deviations from the average value for that data set. (Calculate the average value for each data set, then calculate the average value of the absolute deviations of each measurement from the average.) Which set is more precise?
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