91Ó°ÊÓ

Draw the Lewis structure for chloroform, CHCl \(_{3}\). What are its electron- pair and molecular geometries? What orbitals on \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H},\) and $$\mathrm{Cl}$ overlap to form bonds involving these elements?

Draw the Lewis structures of the acid HPO \(_{2} \mathrm{F}_{2}\) and its anion \(\mathrm{PO}_{2} \mathrm{F}_{2}^{-} .\) What is the molecular geometry and hybridization for the phosphorus atom in each species? (H is bonded to the O atom in the acid.)

Draw the Lewis structures of HSO \(_{3} \mathrm{F}\) and \(\mathrm{SO}_{3} \mathrm{F}^{-}\). What is the molecular geometry and hybridization for the sulfur atom in each species? (H is bonded to the O atom in the acid.)

What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in phosgene, \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) CO? Give a complete description of the \(\sigma\) and \(\pi\) bonding in this molecule.

Draw the Lewis structure for CIF \(_{3}\). What are its electronpair and molecular geometries? What is the hybridization of the chlorine atom? What orbitals on Cl and F overlap to form bonds between these elements?

Sketch the Lewis structures of \(\mathrm{ClF}_{2}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{ClF}_{2}^{-} .\) What are the electron-pair and molecular geometries of each ion? Do both have the same \(\mathrm{F}-\mathrm{Cl}-\mathrm{F}\) angle? What hybrid orbital set is used by Cl in each ion?

Sketch the resonance structures for the \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) molecule. Is the hybridization of the N atoms the same or different in each structure? Describe the orbitals involved in bond formation by the central \(\mathrm{N}\) atom.

Compare the structure and bonding in \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}\) with regard to the \(\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{C}-\) O bond angles, the CO bond order, and the C atom hybridization.

Iodine and oxygen form a complex series of ions, among them \(\mathrm{IO}_{4}^{-}\) and \(\mathrm{IO}_{5}^{3-} .\) Draw the Lewis structures for these ions, and specify their electron-pair geometries and the shapes of the ions. What is the hybridization of the I atom in these ions?

What is the maximum number of hybrid orbitals that a carbon atom may form? What is the minimum number? Explain briefly.