91Ó°ÊÓ

In carbon compounds, the carbon atom can achieve an octet configuration in several ways. Draw the Lewis structure of a hydrocarbon compound in which: (a) Carbon is bonded via four single bonds to adjacent atoms. (b) Carbon is bonded via two single bonds and one pi bond; (c) Carbon is bonded via one single bond and one triple bond; (d) Carbon is bonded via two double bonds.

Identify the hybridization and the bond angles for the following: (a) Carbon bonded via four single bonds to adjacent atoms. (b) Carbon bonded to adjacent atoms via two single bonds and one pi bond; (c) Carbon bonded to adjacent atoms via one single bond and one triple bond; (d) Carbon bonded to adjacent atoms via two double bonds.

Is violet light (with a wavelength of \(400 \mathrm{nm}\) ) sufficiently energetic to break a carbon-carbon single bond (the average C-C bond energy is \(346 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) )?

Ethene, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4},\) is unstable with respect to decomposition to the elements \(\left(\Delta_{f} H^{\circ}=52.47 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\right) .\) It is also unstable with respect to polymerization to polyethylene. Nevertheless, samples of ethane can be stored without decomposition essentially forever. Why is this so?

Compounds with the same elemental composition but a different arrangement of atoms are called: (a) stereoisomers, (b) structural isomers, (c) geometric isomers, (d) optical isomers.

Compounds with the same attachment of atoms but different orientation in space are called: (a) stereoisomers, (b) structural isomers, (c) cis-trans isomers, (d) optical isomers.

Determine how many structural isomers and geometric isomers are possible for compounds having the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10}\). Are any of the possible isomers chiral?

Determine how many non-cyclic structural isomers and geometric isomers are possible for compounds having the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} .\) Are any of the possible isomers chiral?

What is the name of the straight (unbranched) chain alkane with the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{16} ?\)

What is the molecular formula for an alkane with 12 carbon atoms?