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Chapter 6: Problem 42

Write the correct formula for the following ionic compounds: a. aluminum chlorate b. ammonium oxide c. magnesium bicarbonate d. sodium nitrite e. copper(I) sulfate

Short Answer

Expert verified
Al(ClO鈧�)鈧�, (NH鈧�)鈧侽, Mg(HCO鈧�)鈧�, NaNO鈧�, Cu鈧係O鈧�

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Ions

List the cations and anions for each compound. For example: - Aluminum chlorate: Al鲁鈦� and ClO鈧冣伝 - Ammonium oxide: NH鈧勨伜 and O虏鈦� - Magnesium bicarbonate: Mg虏鈦� and HCO鈧冣伝 - Sodium nitrite: Na鈦� and NO鈧傗伝 - Copper(I) sulfate: Cu鈦� and SO鈧劼测伝
02

Determine the Ratio of Ions

Balance the charges to ensure the total ionic charge is zero. For example: - Aluminum chlorate: Al鲁鈦� and three ClO鈧冣伝 - Ammonium oxide: two NH鈧勨伜 and O虏鈦� - Magnesium bicarbonate: one Mg虏鈦� and two HCO鈧冣伝 - Sodium nitrite: Na鈦� and NO鈧傗伝 - Copper(I) sulfate: two Cu鈦� and SO鈧劼测伝
03

Write the Chemical Formula

Combine the ions in the correct ratio to form the compound. For example: - Aluminum chlorate: Al(ClO鈧�)鈧� - Ammonium oxide: (NH鈧�)鈧侽 - Magnesium bicarbonate: Mg(HCO鈧�)鈧� - Sodium nitrite: NaNO鈧� - Copper(I) sulfate: Cu鈧係O鈧�

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

ionic compounds
Ionic compounds are formed when metals and non-metals chemically react. Metals lose electrons and become cations (positively charged), while non-metals gain those electrons, becoming anions (negatively charged). This transfer of electrons creates ions with opposite charges that are attracted to each other, forming an ionic bond. For example, sodium (Na) loses one electron to become Na鈦�, and chlorine (Cl) gains one electron to become Cl鈦�, resulting in sodium chloride (NaCl).
cation and anion identification
Identifying cations and anions in a compound is crucial for determining its chemical formula. Cations are typically metal ions that have given up electrons, resulting in a positive charge. For example, aluminum forms the cation Al鲁鈦�. Anions, on the other hand, are typically non-metal ions or polyatomic ions that have gained electrons, resulting in a negative charge. For example, chlorate is a polyatomic ion with the formula ClO鈧冣伝. By recognizing the cation and anion for a compound, you can accurately predict how they will combine.
charge balancing
Charge balancing is a fundamental step in writing chemical formulas for ionic compounds. To ensure that the overall charge of the compound is neutral, the total positive charge (from cations) must equal the total negative charge (from anions). This often involves adjusting the ratio of ions. For instance, if you have Al鲁鈦� and ClO鈧冣伝, you need three ClO鈧冣伝 ions to balance the +3 charge on the aluminum ion, resulting in the formula Al(ClO鈧�)鈧�. Always double-check that the charges balance out to zero for the compound.
chemical formula determination
Determining the chemical formula of an ionic compound involves combining the ions in the correct ratio. Start by writing down the cation and anion, along with their charges. Next, balance the charges by determining the smallest ratio of cations to anions needed for a neutral compound. Finally, combine the ions in this ratio to write the chemical formula. For example, for magnesium bicarbonate with Mg虏鈦� and HCO鈧冣伝, you need two bicarbonate ions to balance the +2 charge on the magnesium ion, leading to the formula Mg(HCO鈧�)鈧�. Always use parentheses for polyatomic ions when more than one of the ion is needed.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write the formula for each of the following molecular compounds: a. oxygen difluoride b. boron trichloride c. dinitrogen trioxide d. sulfur hexafluoride

The molecules \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}\) and \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}\) both have tetrahedral shapes. Why is \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}\) nonpolar whereas \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}\) is polar?

Describe the trend in electronegativity as increases or decreases for each of the following: a. from B to F b. from \(\mathrm{Mg}\) to \(\mathrm{Ba}\) c. from \(\mathrm{F}\) to \(\mathrm{I}\)

State the number of electrons that must be gained by atoms of each of the following to achieve a noble gas configuration. a. F b. O P d. As e. S

Name each of the following ionic or molecular compounds: a. \(\mathrm{Al}_{2}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)_{3},\) antiperspirant b. \(\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}\), antacid c. \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O},\) "laughing gas," inhaled anesthetic d. \(\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\), laxative
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