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Chapter 6: Problem 53

Write the formula for each of the following molecular compounds: a. oxygen difluoride b. boron trichloride c. dinitrogen trioxide d. sulfur hexafluoride

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. OF鈧� b. BCl鈧� c. N鈧侽鈧� d. SF鈧�

Step by step solution

01

- Oxygen Difluoride

The prefix 'di-' in 'difluoride' indicates two fluoride atoms. Oxygen has no prefix, meaning there is only one oxygen atom. Therefore, the formula is OF鈧�.
02

- Boron Trichloride

The prefix 'tri-' in 'trichloride' indicates three chlorine atoms. Boron has no prefix, so there is only one boron atom. Therefore, the formula is BCl鈧�.
03

- Dinitrogen Trioxide

The prefix 'di-' in 'dinitrogen' indicates two nitrogen atoms. The prefix 'tri-' in 'trioxide' indicates three oxygen atoms. Therefore, the formula is N鈧侽鈧�.
04

- Sulfur Hexafluoride

The prefix 'hexa-' in 'hexafluoride' indicates six fluorine atoms. Sulfur has no prefix, so there is only one sulfur atom. Therefore, the formula is SF鈧�.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

chemical nomenclature
Chemical nomenclature is a system for naming chemical compounds. The naming system used is essential to identify a compound's composition and structure accurately. This standardized method is important in various scientific fields.
For molecular compounds, nomenclature involves the use of specific prefixes to convey the number of each type of atom present in a molecule.
These prefixes are attached to the names of the elements in the compound, helping us deduce their formulas easily.
This method ensures that anyone familiar with the naming conventions can understand the composition of the compound from just its name.
molecular compounds
Molecular compounds, also known as covalent compounds, consist of atoms bonded together by shared electrons. Unlike ionic compounds, where atoms transfer electrons, molecular compounds share electrons between atoms.
These compounds usually form between nonmetals.
For example, in the case of oxygen difluoride (OF鈧�), both oxygen and fluorine are nonmetals sharing electrons to form a stable molecule.
Molecular compounds often have distinct properties like lower melting and boiling points compared to ionic compounds.
prefixes in chemistry
In chemical nomenclature, prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of each element in a molecular compound.
Here are some common prefixes and their meanings:
  • Mono- : 1 (often omitted for the first element)
  • Di- : 2
  • Tri- : 3
  • Tetra- : 4
  • Penta- : 5
  • Hexa- : 6
  • Hepta- : 7
  • Octa- : 8
  • Nona- : 9
  • Deca- : 10

These prefixes help ensure clarity and accuracy in describing the exact composition of a compound.
For instance, in dinitrogen trioxide (N鈧侽鈧�), 'di-' indicates two nitrogen atoms, and 'tri-' indicates three oxygen atoms.
chemistry formulas
Writing chemistry formulas involves converting the name of a molecular compound into its chemical symbols and quantities.
Each element is represented by its chemical symbol from the periodic table, with subscripts indicating the number of those atoms in the molecule.
Let's break down the formulas mentioned in the exercise:
  • Oxygen difluoride: The prefix 'di-' signifies two fluorine atoms, and no prefix for oxygen means one oxygen atom, giving OF鈧�.
  • Boron trichloride: 'Tri-' indicates three chlorine atoms, no prefix for boron means one boron atom, forming BCl鈧�.
  • Dinitrogen trioxide: 'Di-' represents two nitrogen atoms, and 'tri-' indicates three oxygen atoms, resulting in N鈧侽鈧�.
  • Sulfur hexafluoride: 'Hexa-' means six fluorine atoms, one sulfur atom with no prefix, making SF鈧�.

This concise method allows chemists to quickly interpret and understand the composition of the molecular compounds.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write the formula for each of the following: (6.3,6.4,6.5) a. dinitrogen monoxide b. lithium carbonate c. magnesium hydroxide d. sodium acetate

State the number of protons and electrons in each of the following ions: a. \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}\), used to build biomolecules and water b. \(\mathrm{K}^{+},\) most prevalent positive ion in cells; needed for muscle contraction, nerve impulses c. \(\mathrm{I}^{-},\) needed for thyroid function d. \(\mathrm{Na}^{+},\) most prevalent positive ion in extracellular fluid

a. Why does calcium form a \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) ion instead of a \(\mathrm{Ca}^{+}\) ion? (6.1) b. What is the electronic configuration of \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+} ?\) c. Which element has the same electronic configuration as \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+} ?\)

Write the names for each of the following ions: a. \(\mathrm{Rb}^{+}\) b. \(\mathrm{Sr}^{2+}\) c. \(S^{2-}\) d. \(F^{-}\)

Name each of the following ionic or molecular compounds: a. \(\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3},\) antacid b. \(\mathrm{FeSO}_{4}\), iron supplement in vitamins c. NO, vasodilator d. \(\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{OH})_{2},\) fungicide
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