Chapter 4: Problem 74
What structural features do all the resonance forms of a molecule or ion have in common?
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Chapter 4: Problem 74
What structural features do all the resonance forms of a molecule or ion have in common?
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How are trends in electronegativity related to trends in atomic size?
Give the name or chemical formula of each of the following acids: (a) HF; (b) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3} ;\) (c) phosphoric acid; (d) nitrous acid.
Use formal charges to determine which resonance form of each of the following ions is preferred: \(\mathrm{CNO}^{-}, \mathrm{NCO}^{-},\) and \(\mathrm{CON}^{-}.\)
Hydrogen isocyanide (HNC) has the same elemental composition as hydrogen cyanide (HCN), but the H in HNC is bonded to the nitrogen atom. Draw a Lewis structure for HNC, and assign formal charges to each atom. How do the formal charges on the atoms differ in the Lewis structures for HCN and HNC?
In the typical Lewis structure of \(\mathrm{BF}_{3}\) there are only six valence electrons on the boron atom and each \(\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{F}\) bond is a single bond. However, the length and strength of these bonds indicate that they have a small measure of doublebond character-that is, their bond order is slightly greater than 1. a. Draw a Lewis structure of \(\mathrm{BF}_{3}\), including all resonance structures, in which there is one \(\mathrm{B}=\mathrm{F}\) double bond. b. What is the formal charge on the \(\mathrm{B}\) atom, and what is the average formal charge on each \(\mathrm{F}\) atom? c. Based on formal charges alone, what should be the bond order of each \(\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{F}\) bond in \(\mathrm{BF}_{3} ?\) d. What factor might support a bond order slightly greater than \(1 ?\)
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