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Chapter 20: Problem 43

How do we calculate the overall free-energy change of a process consisting of two steps?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: To determine the overall free-energy change of a process consisting of two steps, you need to first calculate the free-energy change for each individual step using the equation 鈭咷 = 鈭咹 - T鈭哠. Then, add the individual free-energy changes of both steps to find the overall free-energy change: 鈭咷_total = 鈭咷_step1 + 鈭咷_step2. Interpret the overall free-energy change to determine whether the process is spontaneous, non-spontaneous, or near equilibrium.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding free-energy change

Free-energy change (鈭咷) is a measure of the maximum amount of reversible work that a thermodynamic system can perform during a process. It helps us determine whether a process, such as a chemical reaction, will occur spontaneously or not. If 鈭咷 is negative, the process is spontaneous, while if 鈭咷 is positive, the process is non-spontaneous.
02

Calculating free-energy change for individual steps

In order to determine the overall free-energy change of a process consisting of two steps, we first need to calculate the free-energy change for each individual step. This can be calculated using the equation: 鈭咷 = 鈭咹 - T鈭哠 Here, 鈭咷 is the free-energy change, 鈭咹 is the change in enthalpy (heat) of the system, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and 鈭哠 is the change in entropy (disorder) of the system. Ensure that you have the required data for each individual step, such as enthalpy change, temperature, and entropy change.
03

Combining the free-energy changes of the two steps

Once the free-energy change is calculated for both steps, determine the overall free-energy change of the process consisting of these two steps by adding their individual free-energy changes: 鈭咷_total = 鈭咷_step1 + 鈭咷_step2 This will give you the overall free-energy change for the entire process.
04

Interpreting the overall free-energy change

Finally, interpret the obtained overall free-energy change to determine whether the process will occur spontaneously or not. If the overall free-energy change (鈭咷_total) is negative, the process is spontaneous, and if it is positive, the process is non-spontaneous. If the overall free-energy change is close to zero, the process may be near equilibrium.

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