Chapter 8: Problem 15
How does Dalton's law of partial pressures help us with our model of ideal gases? That is, what postulates of the kinetic molecular theory does it support?
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Chapter 8: Problem 15
How does Dalton's law of partial pressures help us with our model of ideal gases? That is, what postulates of the kinetic molecular theory does it support?
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Consider two gases, \(A\) and \(B\), each in a \(1.0\) -\(\mathrm{L}\) container with both gases at the same temperature and pressure. The mass of gas \(A\) in the container is \(0.34\) \(\mathrm{g}\) and the mass of gas \(B\) in the container is \(0.48 \mathrm{g}\). a. Which gas sample has the most molecules present? Explain. b. Which gas sample has the largest average kinetic energy? Explain. c. Which gas sample has the fastest average velocity? Explain. d. How can the pressure in the two containers be equal to each other since the larger gas \(B\) molecules collide with the container walls more forcefully?
Consider an equimolar mixture (equal number of moles) of two diatomic gases \(\left(A_{2} \text { and } B_{2}\right)\) in a container fitted with a piston. The gases react to form one product (which is also a gas) with the formula \(A_{x} B_{y}\). The density of the sample after the reaction is complete (and the temperature returns to its original state) is \(1.50\) times greater than the density of the reactant mixture. a. Specify the formula of the product, and explain if more than one answer is possible based on the given data. b. Can you determine the molecular formula of the product with the information given or only the empirical formula?
Freon-\(12\) is used as a refrigerant in central home air conditioners. The rate of effusion of Freon-\(12\) to Freon-\(11\) (molar mass \(=137.4 \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mol})\) is \(1.07: 1 .\) The formula of Freon- \(12\) is one of the following: \(\mathrm{CF}_{4}, \mathrm{CF}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}, \mathrm{CF}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}, \mathrm{CFCl}_{3},\) or \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4} .\) Which formula is correct for Freon- \(12 ?\)
A large flask with a volume of \(936 \mathrm{mL}\) is evacuated and found to have a mass of \(134.66 \mathrm{g}\). It is then filled to a pressure of 0.967 atm at \(31^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) with a gas of unknown molar mass and then reweighed to give a new mass of 135.87 g. What is the molar mass of this gas?
An organic compound contains \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H}, \mathrm{N},\) and \(\mathrm{O} .\) Combustion of \(0.1023 \mathrm{g}\) of the compound in excess oxygen yielded \(0.2766 \mathrm{g} \mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and \(0.0991 \mathrm{g} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} .\) A sample of \(0.4831 \mathrm{g}\) of the compound was analyzed for nitrogen by the Dumas method (see Exercise 129 ). At \(\mathrm{STP}, 27.6 \mathrm{mL}\) of dry \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) was obtained. In a third experiment, the density of the compound as a gas was found to be \(4.02 \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{L}\) at \(127^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(256\) torr. What are the empirical and molecular formulas of the compound?
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