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Chapter 46: Problem 14

What structural feature accounts for the decrease in the partial charge on the acidic hydrogen in the series HOCl, HOBr, HOI?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The decrease in the partial charge on the acidic hydrogen in the series HOCl, HOBr, HOI is accounted for by the increase in atomic radius and decrease in electronegativity from Cl to Br to I. As one moves down the group on the periodic table, the atoms become less capable of attracting shared electron pairs, increasing electron density around hydrogen and reducing its positive partial charge.

Step by step solution

01

Analyze Electronegativity Trend

Examine the trend in electronegativity for Cl, Br, and I on the periodic table. Electronegativity decreases as one moves down a group in the periodic table. Therefore, Cl is the most electronegative, followed by Br and I.
02

Analyze Atomic Radius Trend

Next, examine the atomic radii of Cl, Br, and I. Atomic radius increases as one moves down a group on the periodic table. This thus means that I has the largest atomic radius, followed by Br and Cl.
03

Connect the Trends to Partial Charge

On comparison, we can say that as the electronegativity decreases and atomic radius increases from Cl to I, the ability to attract the shared pair of electrons decreases. This causes an increase in the electron density around the hydrogen, which, in turn, reduces the positive partial charge on the hydrogen atom.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which hydrogen atom is the most acidic hydrogen atom in \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) ?

Predict which is most likely to be the stronger acid: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\) or \(\mathrm{CCl}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\). Explain your reasoning.

Which hydrogen atom is the most acidic hydrogen atom in \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\) ?

a) Which hydrogen in \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\) is the acidic hydrogen? b) Which hydrogen in \(\mathrm{CCl}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\) is the acidic hydrogen?

The H-X bond strength decreases in the series HF, HCl, HBr, HI. Explain this in terms of the molecular structure of the molecules.
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