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Chapter 46: Problem 3

The H-X bond strength decreases in the series HF, HCl, HBr, HI. Explain this in terms of the molecular structure of the molecules.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The H-X bond strength decreases in the series HF, HCl, HBr, HI due to the increase in atomic size and decrease in electronegativity of the halogen atom as we move down the group from F to I.

Step by step solution

01

- Understand the pattern of bond strength

The H-X bond strength decreases in the series HF, HCl, HBr, HI. This is an observable fact.
02

- Consider atomic size of halogen atoms

The size of the halogen atoms increases from F to I (Fluorine is the smallest, and Iodine is the largest). This means, larger the halogen atom, longer will be the H-X bond. Longer bonds are generally weaker, because the positively charged nucleus has less control (orbital overlap) over negatively charged electrons that are farther away.
03

- Consider electronegativity of halogen atoms

The electronegativity decreases down the halogen group from F to I. This means, the shared pair of electrons is less tightly held by the halogen as we move down the group, because the attraction of the nucleus for the shared pair of electrons decreases. The force holding the hydrogen and halogen atom together is weaker, hence the bond is weaker.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Predict which is most likely to be the stronger acid: \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) or \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\). Explain your reasoning

Why does the partial charge on the acidic hydrogen increase in the series \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}, \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{ClCOOH}, \mathrm{CHCl}_{2} \mathrm{COOH}, \mathrm{CCl}_{3} \mathrm{COOH} ?\)

Which hydrogen atom is the most acidic hydrogen atom in \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\) ?

Based on your analysis above, which do you expect to be the stronger acid, \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\) or \(\mathrm{PH}_{4}^{+} ?\) Explain your reasoning.

a) Which hydrogen in \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\) is the acidic hydrogen? b) Which hydrogen in \(\mathrm{CCl}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\) is the acidic hydrogen?
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