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Chapter 21: Problem 34

Deforestation contributes to the greenhouse effect in two ways. What are they?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Deforestation decreases CO2 absorption and releases stored CO2 into the atmosphere.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Greenhouse Effect

The greenhouse effect is the process by which certain gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat, preventing it from escaping into space. This leads to an increase in the planet's temperature.
02

Identify Deforestation's First Contribution

Deforestation reduces the number of trees that absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. When there are fewer trees, less CO2 is removed, leading to higher concentrations of this greenhouse gas, which contributes to warming.
03

Identify Deforestation's Second Contribution

Deforestation often involves the burning or decay of trees, which releases stored carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere, further increasing greenhouse gas concentrations and enhancing the greenhouse effect.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect is crucial to understanding how our planet maintains a life-supporting temperature. Imagine Earth's atmosphere as a blanket around the planet. This atmospheric "blanket" contains certain gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapor (H2O), which are commonly referred to as greenhouse gases.

These gases trap heat from the sun that has bounced off the Earth's surface, preventing it from escaping back into space. This trapped heat warms the planet, much like how a greenhouse works to keep plants warm. Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would be too cold for most life forms.
  • Greenhouse gases are essential for maintaining Earth's climate.
  • Human activities, like burning fossil fuels and deforestation, increase greenhouse gas concentrations.
  • Excess greenhouse gases lead to climate change and global warming.
Carbon Dioxide Absorption
Carbon dioxide absorption is a natural process where CO2 is taken from the atmosphere by plants, oceans, and soil. Trees and plants play a crucial role in this process through photosynthesis. They absorb CO2 and use it to produce energy, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

However, with deforestation, the process of CO2 absorption is disrupted. The fewer trees there are, the less CO2 is absorbed from the atmosphere. This leads to higher levels of CO2, a primary greenhouse gas, contributing to the greenhouse effect and, ultimately, global warming.
  • Trees are pivotal in reducing atmospheric CO2 levels.
  • Photosynthesis helps convert CO2 into organic matter.
  • Deforestation minimizes the planet's ability to regulate CO2 levels naturally.
Atmospheric CO2
Atmospheric CO2 refers to the concentration of carbon dioxide found in the Earth's atmosphere. It is a significant greenhouse gas and plays a crucial role in Earth's climate system. Human activities, like burning fossil fuels and deforestation, have significantly increased atmospheric CO2 levels over the past century.

As forests are cleared, not only is the CO2 absorption capacity reduced, but the carbon stored in trees is released back into the atmosphere, mainly when trees are burned. This release of stored CO2 by deforestation further raises the overall concentration of atmospheric CO2.
  • Atmospheric CO2 levels are a key indicator of climate change.
  • The balance between CO2 emission and absorption is vital for a stable climate.
  • Mitigating deforestation can help reduce atmospheric CO2 concentration.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Methyl bromide \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Br},\right.\) b.p. \(\left.=3.6^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)\) is used as a soil fumigant to control insects and weeds. It is also a marine by-product. Photodissociation of the \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{Br}\) bond produces \(\mathrm{Br}\) atoms that can react with ozone similar to Cl, except more effectively. Do you expect \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Br}\) to be photolyzed in the troposphere? The bond enthalpy of the \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{Br}\) bond is about \(293 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\).

The safety limits of ozone and carbon monoxide are 120 ppb by volume and 9 ppm by volume, respectively. Why does ozone have a lower limit?

The equilibrium constant \(\left(K_{P}\right)\) for the reaction \(2 \mathrm{CO}(g)\) \(+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightleftarrows 2 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\) is \(1.4 \times 10^{90}\) at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Given this enormous value, why doesn't \(\mathrm{CO}\) convert totally to \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) in the troposphere?

The balance between \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\) is important in understanding acid rain formation in the troposphere. From the following information at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) : $$ \begin{aligned} \mathrm{S}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) & \rightleftarrows \mathrm{SO}_{2}(g) & & K_{1}=4.2 \times 10^{52} \\ 2 \mathrm{~S}(s)+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) & \rightleftarrows 2 \mathrm{SO}_{3}(g) & & K_{2}=9.8 \times 10^{128} \end{aligned} $$ calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction: $$ 2 \mathrm{SO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightleftarrows 2 \mathrm{SO}_{3}(g) $$

How are past temperatures determined from ice cores obtained from the Arctic or Antarctica? (Hint: Look up the stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. How does energy required for vaporization depend on the masses of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) molecules containing different isotopes? How would you determine the age of an ice core?)
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