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Chapter 2: Problem 54

Give an example of an ionic compound that does not contain a metal.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Ammonium chloride ( ext{NH}_4 ext{Cl}) is an ionic compound without a metal.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds are formed when atoms transfer electrons between one another, resulting in a bond between positively and negatively charged ions. These compounds usually consist of a metal and a non-metal, but not always.
02

Identify Non-Metal Ionic Compound Partners

To find an ionic compound without metals, we need a compound where non-metal ions can fulfill this role. A good example is ammonium chloride, where ammonium acts as a cation and chloride as an anion.
03

Compose the Ionic Compound

In ammonium chloride ( ext{NH}_4 ext{Cl}), the ammonium ion ( ext{NH}_4^+) acts as a positive ion, and the chloride ion ( ext{Cl}^-) acts as the negative ion. These form an ionic bond, but neither the ammonium nor the chloride is a metal.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Non-Metal Ions
Ionic compounds often include non-metal ions in their composition. Non-metal ions are formed when non-metal atoms gain or lose electrons. These ions can either be positive (cations) or negative (anions). When a non-metal gains an electron, it typically forms a negative ion. For example, the chloride ion (\( ext{Cl}^- \)) is a common non-metal ion. In ionic compounds, non-metal ions like chloride play an essential role in balancing the charges by pairing with a positively charged ion to form a stable compound.
Electron Transfer
The formation of ionic compounds hinges on the process of electron transfer. This involves one atom giving up electrons, becoming a positive ion, and another atom gaining electrons, becoming a negative ion. The electron transfer results in an attractive force between these oppositely charged ions, creating a bond known as an ionic bond. This bond stabilizes the compound, creating an arrangement where the total charge is balanced, typically observed in compounds like salts.
Ammonium Chloride
Ammonium chloride (\( ext{NH}_4 ext{Cl} \)) is an illustrative example of an ionic compound that does not involve metals. Instead, it consists of the ammonium ion (\( ext{NH}_4^+ \)), a polyatomic ion that acts as the cation, and the chloride ion (\( ext{Cl}^- \)), which is the anion. This combination highlights that ionic compounds can form without the presence of metals. Ammonium chloride is often used in fertilizers and as a flavoring agent in the food industry, showcasing the practical applications of non-metal ionic compounds.
Cation and Anion
In ionic chemistry, the terms cation and anion are used to describe the two types of ions that make up ionic compounds. A cation is a positively charged ion, formed when an atom loses electrons. On the other hand, an anion carries a negative charge, as it results from an atom gaining electrons. These oppositely charged ions attract each other, resulting in a strong ionic bond. This essential concept ensures the structural integrity of ionic compounds. Recognizing the roles of cations and anions helps in understanding how compounds like ammonium chloride are formed, as the ammonium group acts as a cation, while chloride serves as the anion.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Name the following compounds: (a) \(\mathrm{KH}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\), (b) \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{HPO}_{4},\) (c) HBr (gas), (d) HBr (in water), (e) \(\mathrm{Li}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3},\) (f) \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7},(\mathrm{~g}) \mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{NO}_{2},(\mathrm{~h}) \mathrm{HIO}_{3}\), (1) \(\mathrm{SrSO}_{4},(\mathrm{~m}) \mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}\) (i) \(\mathrm{PF}_{5},(\mathrm{j}) \mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{6},(\mathrm{k}) \mathrm{CdI}_{2}\)

A cube made of platinum (Pt) has an edge length of \(1.0 \mathrm{~cm} .\) (a) Calculate the number of \(\mathrm{Pt}\) atoms in the cube. (b) Atoms are spherical in shape. Therefore, the \(\mathrm{Pt}\) atoms in the cube cannot fill all the available space. If only 74 percent of the space inside the cube is taken up by \(\mathrm{Pt}\) atoms, calculate the radius in picometers of a Pt atom. The density \(\mathrm{Pt}\) is \(21.45 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3},\) and the mass of a single \(\mathrm{Pt}\) atom is \(3.240 \times 10^{-22} \mathrm{~g}\). [The volume of a sphere of radius \(r\) is \(\left.\frac{4}{5} \pi r^{3} .\right]\)

What is the periodic table, and what is its significance in the study of chemistry?

Determine the mass number of (a) a fluorine atom with 11 neutrons, (b) a sulfur atom with 16 neutrons, (c) an arsenic atom with 45 neutrons, and (d) a platinum atom with 120 neutrons.

Give one example each for a binary compound and a ternary compound. (A ternary compound is one that contains three different elements.)
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