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Chapter 20: Problem 2

List two major industrial uses of hydrogen.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Two major industrial uses of hydrogen are: 1) Hydrogenation of fats and oils in the food industry, which converts liquid oils into solid fats for use in food products like margarine, shortening, and baked goods; and 2) Production of ammonia (NH3) through the Haber-Bosch process, which is essential for the manufacturing of fertilizers and plays a crucial role in global food supply.

Step by step solution

01

Industrial Use of Hydrogen 1: Hydrogenation of Fats and Oils

In the food industry, hydrogen is used to hydrogenate unsaturated fats and oils. This process helps to convert liquid oils into solid fats, making them more suitable for use in the manufacturing of various food products such as margarine, shortening, and various baked goods. Hydrogenation of fats and oils involves the addition of hydrogen atoms to the double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids, converting them to saturated fatty acids, which have higher melting points and are more stable.
02

Industrial Use of Hydrogen 2: Production of Ammonia

Another major industrial use of hydrogen is in the production of ammonia (NH3) through the Haber-Bosch process. Ammonia is an essential component in the manufacturing of fertilizers, which are vital for the growth of crops and food production worldwide. In the Haber-Bosch process, hydrogen (derived from natural gas) and nitrogen (derived from air) are combined under high pressure and temperature, with the help of a catalyst, to produce ammonia. This process is considered crucial for global food supply, as it allows us to obtain nitrogen-containing fertilizers that significantly increase crop yields.

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