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Chapter 2: Problem 7

You may have noticed that when water boils, you can see bubbles that rise to the surface of the water. Which of the following is inside these bubbles? Explain. a. air b. hydrogen and oxygen gas c. oxygen gas d. water vapor e. carbon dioxide gas

Short Answer

Expert verified
The bubbles formed during the boiling of water contain water vapor. This is because, during boiling, water molecules gain enough energy to change from the liquid phase to the gaseous phase (water vapor), creating bubbles that rise to the surface. So, the correct answer is (d) water vapor.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the process of boiling water

When water is heated, its temperature increases, and the water molecules gain more energy. When the water reaches the boiling point (100掳C or 212掳F at sea level), it starts to convert from the liquid phase to the gaseous phase, known as water vapor. During this phase change, water molecules transition from a relatively orderly and close arrangement in the liquid state to a more disordered and dispersed arrangement in the gas state.
02

Formation of bubbles during boiling

As water begins to boil, the water molecules at the bottom of the container gain the necessary energy to escape the liquid phase and change into water vapor. These water vapor molecules form bubbles that rise to the surface and release the water vapor into the air.
03

Identifying the content of bubbles

Considering the boiling process and the phase change from liquid water to water vapor, the content of these bubbles is water vapor. Therefore, the correct choice is: d. water vapor

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Most popular questions from this chapter

You have gone back in time and are working with Dalton on a table of relative masses. Following are his data. 0.602 g gas A reacts with 0.295 g gas \(\mathrm{B}\) 0.172 \(\mathrm{g}\) gas \(\mathrm{B}\) reacts with 0.401 \(\mathrm{g}\) gas \(\mathrm{C}\) 0.320 \(\mathrm{g}\) gas A reacts with 0.374 \(\mathrm{g}\) gas \(\mathrm{C}\) a. Assuming simplest formulas (AB, BC, and AC), construct a table of relative masses for Dalton. b. Knowing some history of chemistry, you tell Dalton that if he determines the volumes of the gases reacted at constant temperature and pressure, he need not assume simplest formulas. You collect the following data: 6 volumes gas \(\mathrm{A}+1\) volume gas \(\mathrm{B} \rightarrow\) 4 volumes product 1 volume gas \(\mathrm{B}+4\) volumes gas \(\mathrm{C} \rightarrow\) 4 volumes product 3 volumes gas \(\mathrm{A}+2\) volumes gas \(\mathrm{C} \rightarrow\) 6 volumes product Write the simplest balanced equations, and find the actual relative masses of the elements. Explain your reasoning.

Which of the following statements is(are) correct? a. The symbols for the elements magnesium, aluminum, and xenon are Mn, Al, and Xe, respectively. b. The elements \(P,\) As, and \(B\) i are in the same family on the periodic table. c. All of the following elements are expected to gain electrons to form ions in ionic compounds: Ga, Se, and Br. d. The elements \(\mathrm{Co},\) Ni, and Hg are all transition elements. e. The correct name for \(\mathrm{TiO}_{2}\) is titanium dioxide.

By analogy with phosphorus compounds, name the following: \(\mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{AsO}_{4}, \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{AsO}_{4}, \mathrm{Mg}_{3}\left(\mathrm{SbO}_{4}\right)_{2}\)

Each of the following compounds is incorrectly named. What is wrong with each name, and what is the correct name for each compound? a. \(\mathrm{FeCl}_{3},\) iron chloride b. \(\mathrm{NO}_{2},\) nitrogen (IV) oxide c. CaO, calcium(Il) monoxide d. \(\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{3},\) dialuminum trisulfide e. \(\operatorname{Mg}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)_{2},\) manganese diacetate f. \(\mathrm{FePO}_{4},\) iron(II) phosphide g. \(\mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{5}\) , phosphorus sulfide h. \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2},\) sodium oxide i. \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3},\) nitrate acid j. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{S},\) sulfuric acid

Each of the following statements is true, but Dalton might have had trouble explaining some of them with his atomic theory. Give explanations for the following statements. a. The space-filling models for ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether are shown below. These two compounds have the same composition by mass \((52 \% \text { carbon, } 13 \% \text { hydrogen, and } 35 \% \text { oxygen }),\) yet the two have different melting points, boiling points, and solubilities in water. b. Burning wood leaves an ash that is only a small fraction of the mass of the original wood. c. Atoms can be broken down into smaller particles. d. One sample of lithium hydride is 87.4\(\%\) lithium by mass, while another sample of lithium hydride is 74.9\(\%\) lithium by mass. However, the two samples have the same chemical properties.
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