/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 10 Which are stronger, intermolecul... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 10: Problem 10

Which are stronger, intermolecular or intramolecular forces for a given molecule? What observation(s) have you made that support this? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
In general, intramolecular forces are stronger than intermolecular forces. Intramolecular forces, such as covalent and ionic bonds, involve direct electron sharing or transfer, leading to strong electrostatic attractions. In contrast, intermolecular forces are weaker, as they are induced by electrostatic attraction between molecules instead of direct electron sharing or transfer. Observations supporting this conclusion include the difference in melting and boiling points of substances - those with strong intramolecular forces, like ionic compounds and covalent networks, have high melting and boiling points, while substances with weaker intermolecular forces have lower melting and boiling points.

Step by step solution

01

Define Intermolecular and Intramolecular forces

To answer this question, we first need to understand the difference between intermolecular and intramolecular forces. Intermolecular forces are the forces between different molecules. These forces include hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces. Intramolecular forces, on the other hand, are the forces within a single molecule. These include covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and metallic bonds.
02

Compare the strengths of intermolecular and intramolecular forces

Generally, intramolecular forces are stronger than intermolecular forces. This is because intramolecular forces, such as covalent and ionic bonds, involve a direct sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms. These interactions result in a strong electrostatic attraction that can be difficult to break. In contrast, intermolecular forces are relatively weaker since they are induced by the electrostatic attraction between molecules, rather than a direct sharing or transfer of electrons. Therefore, they are not as strong as intramolecular forces.
03

Provide observations

One observation that supports the conclusion that intramolecular forces are stronger than intermolecular forces is the difference in melting and boiling points of different substances. In general, substances with strong intramolecular forces, such as ionic compounds and covalent networks, have high melting and boiling points because a considerable amount of energy is required to break these strong bonds. Examples include table salt (NaCl) and diamond. Substances with predominantly intermolecular forces usually have lower melting and boiling points, as less energy is needed to separate the molecules from each other. Examples of these substances include water and most organic compounds.
04

Explain the observations

The difference in melting and boiling points can be explained by the strength of the intermolecular and intramolecular forces present in the substances. Substances with strong intramolecular forces, such as ionic compounds and covalent networks, require a significant amount of energy to break the strong electrostatic attraction between the atoms. This is why they have high melting and boiling points. In contrast, substances with weaker intermolecular forces need less energy to separate the molecules, resulting in lower melting and boiling points.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

X rays of wavelength 2.63 A were used to analyze a crystal.The angle of first- order diffraction \((n=1 \text { in the Bragg }\) equation) was 15.55 degrees. What is the spacing between crystal planes, and what would be the angle for second-order diffraction \((n=2) ?\)

The melting point of a fictional substance \(X\) is \(225^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) at 10.0 atm. If the density of the solid phase of \(\mathrm{X}\) is 2.67 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\) and the density of the liquid phase is 2.78 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\) at 10.0 atm, predict whether the normal melting point of \(\mathrm{X}\) will be less than, equal to, or greater than \(225^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) . Explain.

Iron has a density of 7.86 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\) and crystallizes in a body-centered cubic lattice. Show that only 68\(\%\) of a body-centered lattice is actually occupied by atoms, and determine the atomic radius of iron.

Why is a burn from steam typically much more severe than a burn from boiling water?

In each of the following groups of substances, pick the one that has the given property. Justify each answer. a. highest boiling point: \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}, \mathrm{CF}_{4}, \mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) b. lowest freezing point: LiF, \(\mathrm{F}_{2}, \mathrm{HCl}\) c. smallest vapor pressure at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} : \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OCH}_{3}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) , \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\) d. greatest viscosity: \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{S}, \mathrm{HF}, \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) e. greatest heat of vaporization: \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{3}, \mathrm{CH}_{4}\) f. smallest enthalpy of fusion: \(\mathrm{I}_{2}, \mathrm{CsBr}, \mathrm{CaO}\)
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.