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Chapter 1: Problem 116

Which of the following describes a chemical property? a. The density of iron is 7.87 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3} .\) b. A platinum wire glows red when heated. c. An iron bar rusts. d. Aluminum is a silver-colored metal.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The statement that describes a chemical property is "An iron bar rusts" (option c), as it involves a chemical change and the formation of a new substance.

Step by step solution

01

Analyze option a.

The density of iron is given as 7.87 g/cm鲁. Density is a physical property because it can be measured without any chemical change occurring. Hence, option a is not a chemical property.
02

Analyze option b.

A platinum wire glows red when heated. This statement describes a physical change that occurs as a result of heat. There is no new substance formed in the process, so it is a physical property and not a chemical property. Option b is also not a chemical property.
03

Analyze option c.

An iron bar rusts. Rusting is a process that involves a chemical reaction between iron and oxygen in the presence of moisture, forming a new substance called iron oxide or rust. This statement describes a chemical change as it involves the formation of a new substance. Hence, option c is a chemical property.
04

Analyze option d.

Aluminum is a silver-colored metal. Color is a characteristic that can be observed without undergoing any chemical change. Therefore, color is a physical property, not a chemical property. Option d is not a chemical property.
05

Final answer.

Based on the analysis in the previous steps, the statement that describes a chemical property is "An iron bar rusts" (option c).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Physical Properties
Physical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical identity. These properties include:
  • Density: This is the mass per unit volume of a substance, such as iron's density of 7.87 g/cm鲁.
  • Color: The appearance or hue of a substance. For example, aluminum is known for its silver color.
  • Melting point: The temperature at which a substance turns from solid to liquid, observable without a chemical change.
  • Boiling point: The temperature at which a solid turns into a gas.
These properties are crucial because they help identify and classify substances without altering their basic nature.
Recognizing physical properties is essential for scientific research and real-world applications, like selecting materials for construction or engineering purposes.
Chemical Change
A chemical change involves a substance transforming into one or more new substances. These changes occur due to chemical reactions, where the original substances (reactants) interact to form new ones (products).
Indicators of a chemical change include:
  • Formation of a new substance: This is the most telling sign, as seen when iron turns into rust.
  • Change in temperature: Chemical reactions often release or absorb heat.
  • Emission of gas: Bubbles or fumes appearing can indicate a chemical change.
  • Formation of a precipitate: A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction.
Chemical changes are integral to many processes in nature and industry, from digestion to metallurgy.
Rusting
Rusting is a specific type of chemical change where iron reacts with oxygen and moisture to form iron oxide, commonly known as rust. This process is both a chemical reaction and a chemical property of iron.
The rusting process involves:
  • Iron reacting with oxygen in the presence of water or moisture.
  • Formation of a new compound: Iron oxide, which has different properties from metallic iron.
  • Energy release: Often perceived as a slight warmth during significant amounts of rusting.
Preventing rust involves coating iron with protective layers, like paint, or using rust-resistant alloys. Understanding rusting is vital for maintaining infrastructure and vehicles.
Chemical Reaction
A chemical reaction is a process where substances interact to form new substances. These reactions are fundamental to both chemistry and biology.
Key aspects of chemical reactions include:
  • Reactants and products: Original substances are transformed into new ones. For example, iron and oxygen are reactants in the rusting process, and iron oxide is the product.
  • Energy changes: Reactions can release (exothermic) or absorb (endothermic) energy.
  • Reaction rate: How fast a reaction proceeds can depend on temperature, concentration, and catalysts.
  • Reversibility: Some reactions can be reversed, but others, like rusting, usually cannot without additional energy or alteration.
Understanding chemical reactions is crucial for designing chemical processes, from manufacturing to pharmaceuticals.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

When a marble is dropped into a beaker of water, it sinks to the bottom. Which of the following is the best explanation? a. The surface area of the marble is not large enough to be held up by the surface tension of the water. b. The mass of the marble is greater than that of the water. c. The marble weighs more than an equivalent volume of the water. d. The force from dropping the marble breaks the surface tension of the water. e. The marble has greater mass and volume than the water. Justify your choice, and for choices you did not pick, explain what is wrong about them.

At what temperature is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit equal to twice the temperature in degrees Celsius?

Apothecaries (druggists) use the following set of measures in the English system: $$\begin{aligned} 20 \text { grains ap } &=1 \text { scruple (exact) } \\ 3 \text { scruples } &=1 \text { dram ap (exact) } \\ 8 \operatorname{dram} a p &=1 \text { oz ap (exact) } \\ 1 \operatorname{dram} a p &=3.888 g \end{aligned}$$ a. Is an apothecary grain the same as a troy grain? (See Exercise 49.) b. 1 oz ap 5 ________ oz troy. c. An aspirin tablet contains \(5.00 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{mg}\) of active ingre- dient. What mass in grains ap of active ingredient does it contain? What mass in scruples? d. What is the mass of 1 scruple in grams?

Convert the following Fahrenheit temperatures to the Celsius and Kelvin scales. a. \(-459^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\) , an extremely low temperature b. \(-40 .^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\) , the answer to a trivia question c. \(68^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\) , room temperature d. \(7 \times 10^{7}\) F, temperature required to initiate fusion reactions in the sun

A rule of thumb in designing experiments is to avoid using a result that is the small difference between two large measured quantities. In terms of uncertainties in measurement, why is this good advice?
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