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Chapter 12: Problem 9

Write a balanced equation for the dissociation of each of the following strong electrolytes in water: a. \(\mathrm{KCl}\) b. \(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\) c. \(\mathrm{K}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\) d. \(\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. \[ \text{KCl} \rightarrow \text{K}^+ + \text{Cl}^- \] b. \[ \text{CaCl}_2 \rightarrow \text{Ca}^{2+} + 2\text{Cl}^- \] c. \[ \text{K}_3\text{PO}_4 \rightarrow 3\text{K}^+ + \text{PO}_4^{3-} \] d. \[ \text{Fe(NO}_3\text{)}_3 \rightarrow \text{Fe}^{3+} + 3\text{NO}_3^- \]

Step by step solution

01

Write the Dissociation Equation for KCl

When \(\text{KCl}\) dissolves in water, it dissociates completely into its ions, potassium (K鈦) and chloride (Cl鈦). Write the balanced equation: \[ \text{KCl} \rightarrow \text{K}^+ + \text{Cl}^- \]
02

Write the Dissociation Equation for CaCl鈧

When \(\text{CaCl}_2\) dissolves in water, it dissociates into one calcium ion (Ca虏鈦) and two chloride ions (Cl鈦). Write the balanced equation: \[ \text{CaCl}_2 \rightarrow \text{Ca}^{2+} + 2\text{Cl}^- \]
03

Write the Dissociation Equation for K鈧働O鈧

When \(\text{K}_3\text{PO}_4\) dissolves in water, it dissociates into three potassium ions (K鈦) and one phosphate ion (PO鈧劼斥伝). Write the balanced equation: \[ \text{K}_3\text{PO}_4 \rightarrow 3\text{K}^+ + \text{PO}_4^{3-} \]
04

Write the Dissociation Equation for Fe(NO鈧)鈧

When \( \text{Fe(NO}_3\text{)}_3 \) dissolves in water, it dissociates into one iron (III) ion (Fe鲁鈦) and three nitrate ions (NO鈧冣伝). Write the balanced equation: \[ \text{Fe(NO}_3\text{)}_3 \rightarrow \text{Fe}^{3+} + 3\text{NO}_3^- \]

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Balanced Chemical Equations
Balanced chemical equations are essential because they show the precise proportions in which chemicals react and form products. This means the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation.
For the exercise provided, balancing chemical equations involves ensuring that each side of the equation has the same number of each type of ion.
When a strong electrolyte dissolves in water, it dissociates completely into its constituent ions. These ions must be appropriately represented in the balanced equation. For example:
  • KCl dissociates into K鈦 and Cl鈦
  • CaCl鈧 dissociates into Ca虏鈦 and 2 Cl鈦
  • K鈧働O鈧 dissociates into 3 K鈦 and PO鈧劼斥伝
  • Fe(NO鈧)鈧 dissociates into Fe鲁鈦 and 3 NO鈧冣伝

Each equation should reflect the full dissociation with the correct ion counts.
Ions in Aqueous Solution
Ions in aqueous solutions are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge.
When an electrolyte dissolves in water, it breaks into these ions.
This process is crucial for understanding reactions because it shows what particles are available to react.
In the context of our exercise:
  • K鈦 and Cl鈦 are ions formed from KCl
  • Ca虏鈦 and Cl鈦 are ions from CaCl鈧
  • K鈦 and PO鈧劼斥伝 are ions from K鈧働O鈧
  • Fe鲁鈦 and NO鈧冣伝 are ions from Fe(NO鈧)鈧

These ions are free to move in the solution and can participate in further chemical reactions. Understanding the behavior and interaction of these ions in water is fundamental to mastering concepts in chemistry.
Electrolytes
Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, enabling the solution to conduct electricity.
Strong electrolytes, like the ones in the exercise, completely dissociate in water, meaning no molecules of the original compound remain in solution.
Examples from the exercise include:
  • KCl, which dissociates into K鈦 and Cl鈦
  • CaCl鈧, which dissociates into Ca虏鈦 and 2 Cl鈦
  • K鈧働O鈧, which dissociates into 3 K鈦 and PO鈧劼斥伝
  • Fe(NO鈧)鈧, which dissociates into Fe鲁鈦 and 3 NO鈧冣伝

These strong electrolytes are important in various chemical processes and reactions because they ensure the availability of ions that can participate in electrical conductivity and other reactions.
Dissociation Reactions
Dissociation reactions refer to the process where an ionic compound separates into its constituent ions when dissolved in water.
For strong electrolytes, this dissociation is complete, with all the substance breaking into ions.
Each given compound in the exercise dissociates as follows:
  • KCl dissociates into K鈦 and Cl鈦
  • CaCl鈧 dissociates into Ca虏鈦 and 2 Cl鈦
  • K鈧働O鈧 dissociates into 3 K鈦 and PO鈧劼斥伝
  • Fe(NO鈧)鈧 dissociates into Fe鲁鈦 and 3 NO鈧冣伝

Write balanced chemical equations to reflect these dissociations is important in understanding the stoichiometry of reactions in aqueous solutions.
The balanced equations demonstrate the conservation of mass and charges, ensuring the right proportions of ions are represented.

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