91Ó°ÊÓ

Use Le Châtelier's principle to predict whether each of the following changes causes the system to shift in the direction of products or reactants:

$HN{O}_2\left(aq\right)+H_{2}O\left(l\right)⇄N{O}_2^{-}\left(aq\right)+H_3{O}^{+}\left(aq\right)$

a. adding more$HN{O}_2\left(aq\right)$

b. removing some$N{O}_2^{-}\left(aq\right)$

c. adding more $H_3{O}^{+}\left(aq\right)$

d. removing some $HN{O}_2\left(aq\right)$

10.25 Why are the concentrations of${\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}$and${\mathrm{OH}}^{-}$equal in pure water?

What is the meaning and value of $K_{\mathrm{w}}$ ?

In an acidic solution, how does the concentration of ${\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ compare to the concentration of ${\mathrm{OH}}^{-}$?

If a base is added to pure water, why does the $H_3{O}^{+}$decrease?

Indicate whether each of the following solutions is acidic, basic, or neutral:

a. $\left[{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\right]=2.0×{10}^{-5}\mathrm{M}$

b. $\left[{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\right]=1.4×{10}^{-9}\mathrm{M}$

c. $\left[{\mathrm{OH}}^{-}\right]=8.0×{10}^{-3}\mathrm{M}$

d. $\left[{\mathrm{OH}}^{-}\right]=3.5×{10}^{-10}\mathrm{M}$

Name each of the following acids or bases:

a.$\mathrm{Hcl}$

b.$\mathrm{Ca}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2$

c.${\mathrm{HclO}}_4$

d.${\mathrm{HNO}}_3$

e.${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_3$

f.${\mathrm{HBrO}}_2$

Calculate the $\left[O{H}^{-}\right]$of each aqueous solution with the following $\left[H_3{O}^{+}\right]$:

a. oven cleaner, $1.0×{10}^{-12}M$

b. milk of magnesia, $1.0×{10}^{-9}M$

c. aspirin, $6.0×{10}^{-4}M$

d. pancreatic juice,$4.0×{10}^{-9}M$

Calculate the $\left[H_3{O}^{+}\right]$of each aqueous solution with the following $\left[O{H}^{-}\right]$:

a. stomach acid, $2.5×{10}^{-13}M$

b. urine, $2.0×{10}^{-9}M$

c. orange juice, $5.0×{10}^{-11}M$

d. bile,$2.5×{10}^{-6}M$

Calculate the $\left[{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\right]$of each aqueous solution with the following $\left[{\mathrm{OH}}^{-}\right]$:

a. baking soda, $1.0×{10}^{-6}\mathrm{M}$

b. blood, $2.5×{10}^{-7}\mathrm{M}$

c. milk, $4.0×{10}^{-7}\mathrm{M}$

d. bleach,$2.1×{10}^{-5}\mathrm{M}$