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Chapter 3: Problem 27

Sodium formate is heated at \(360^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to gives (a) \(\mathrm{CO}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) (c) Sodium oxalate (d) No action

Short Answer

Expert verified
Sodium formate heated at \(360^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) produces carbon monoxide (\(\mathrm{CO}\)).

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Question

We need to determine what product is formed when sodium formate is heated at \(360^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Sodium formate has the chemical formula \( \mathrm{HCOONa} \).
02

Chemical Reaction Identification

When sodium formate \((\mathrm{HCOONa})\) is heated, a process called pyrolysis takes place. This often involves decomposition, releasing gases like carbon monoxide \((\mathrm{CO})\).
03

Predicting the Product

Under thermal conditions, such as heating at \(360^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), sodium formate decomposes to form carbon monoxide \((\mathrm{CO})\) and sodium hydroxide \((\mathrm{NaOH})\). The equation for this reaction is:\[\mathrm{HCOONa} \rightarrow \mathrm{CO} + \mathrm{NaOH}\]
04

Conclusion

The reaction shows that heating sodium formate produces carbon monoxide and sodium hydroxide. Therefore, the correct answer is \(\mathrm{CO}\).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Chemical Decomposition
Chemical decomposition is a chemical process where a single compound breaks down into smaller compounds or elements. In the case of sodium formate \(\mathrm{HCOONa}\), decomposition occurs when the compound is subjected to heat. This process is integral to many chemical reactions and typically involves breaking chemical bonds within the compound.

Decomposition can result in the formation of new substances. This is true for sodium formate, which decomposes to yield carbon monoxide \(\mathrm{CO}\) and sodium hydroxide \(\mathrm{NaOH}\). Decomposition is driven by specific conditions or energy inputs, such as heat.

Here are some key points:
  • Chemical decomposition results in simpler products from a single compound.
  • Involves breaking chemical bonds, often requiring an energy input.
  • Specific conditions, like temperature, play a crucial role in determining the outcome of the reaction.
Thermal Decomposition of Compounds
Thermal decomposition refers to breaking down a chemical compound using heat. It is a type of chemical decomposition where temperature plays a crucial role in energizing the molecules, causing the compound to break apart. Different compounds have varying temperatures at which they decompose, known as their decomposition temperature.

For sodium formate, the decomposition occurs at \(360^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Under these thermal conditions, it transforms into carbon monoxide \(\mathrm{CO}\) and sodium hydroxide \(\mathrm{NaOH}\).
  • Heat supplies the energy necessary for the chemical bonds in sodium formate to break, leading to its decomposition.
  • The thermal decomposition process is a fundamental aspect of many industrial applications where heat is used to drive reactions.
  • Understanding this process helps in predicting and controlling chemical reactions under various thermal conditions.
Carbon Monoxide Production
Carbon monoxide \(\mathrm{CO}\) is a colorless, odorless gas produced as a result of incomplete combustion and various chemical reactions, including decomposition. When sodium formate decomposes under heat, it releases carbon monoxide and sodium hydroxide. This reaction highlights how chemical reactions can transform compounds and produce gases.

Carbon monoxide production is significant in various chemical industries and must be handled with caution due to its poisonous nature.
  • Carbon monoxide can bind with hemoglobin in the blood, reducing its oxygen-carrying capacity.
  • Proper ventilation and monitoring are essential when dealing with \(\mathrm{CO}\) in any experimental or industrial setup to ensure safety.
  • Knowledge of \(\mathrm{CO}\) formation helps in designing reactors and systems that either utilize or avoid its presence, depending on the application.
Chemical Reaction Analysis
Chemical reaction analysis is crucial for understanding the changes substances undergo during a reaction. By analyzing the reaction where sodium formate decomposes, we observe the transformation of this compound into carbon monoxide and sodium hydroxide.

Analyzing chemical reactions involves predicting products, understanding the mechanism by which the reaction occurs, and identifying all reactants and products involved.
  • It includes identifying the conditions necessary for a reaction, such as temperature, that influence the reaction's outcome and rate.
  • Reaction analysis helps in optimizing conditions for industrial processes, thereby improving efficiency and safety.
  • By examining balanced chemical equations, like \(\mathrm{HCOONa} \rightarrow \mathrm{CO} + \mathrm{NaOH}\), we can better grasp how mass and energy move in a chemical system.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Select true statement(s) (a) Instead of radical substitution, cyclopropane undergoes electrophilic addition reactions in sun light. (b) In general, bromination is more selective than chlorination. (c) The 2, 4, 6-tri-tert,butylphenoxy radical is resistant to dimerisation. (d) The radical-catalysed chlorination, \(\mathrm{ArCH}_{3} \rightarrow \mathrm{ArCH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}\), occurs faster when \(\mathrm{Ar}=\) phenyl than when \(\mathrm{Ar}=\mathrm{p}\) -nitrophenyl.

The reaction of propane with nitric acid in vapour phase gives (a) 1-nitropropane (b) 2-nitropropane (c) Nitromethane (d) Nitroethane

Which of the following statements are true? (i) Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula, but are different in the connectivity (order of attachment) of their atoms. (ii) Stereoisomers are compounds with the same molecular formula and same order of attachment of their atoms, but are different in the orientation of their atoms or groups in space. (iii) Enantiomers are stereoisomers whose molecules are mirror images of each other. (iv) Diastereomers are stereoisomers whose molecules are not mirror images of each other. (v) A molecule with two chiral centres designated as \((\mathrm{R}, \mathrm{R})\) will have an enantiomer with two chiral centres designated as \((\mathrm{S}, \mathrm{R})\). (vi) Cis-1,2-dichlorocyclopentane and trans-1,2-dichlorocyclopentane are enantiomer to each other. (a) \(\mathrm{i}, \mathrm{ii}, \mathrm{iv}, \mathrm{vi}\) (b) \(\mathrm{i}, \mathrm{ii}, \mathrm{iii}, \mathrm{iv}\) (c) \(\mathrm{i}, \mathrm{ii}, \mathrm{iii}, \mathrm{iv}, \mathrm{vi}\) (d) \(\mathrm{ii}, \mathrm{iii}, \mathrm{iv}, \mathrm{vi}\)

The structure of alkyne is linear. Terminal alkyne is acidic in character. It reacts with base to give acid-base reaction. Alkyne is nucleophile and gives electrophilic as well as nucleophilic addition reaction. Which one of the following compounds forms carbonyl production reaction with \(1 \%\) \(\mathrm{HgSO}_{4}+\operatorname{dil.} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4} ?\) (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5}\) (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) (d) Cyclohexene

Iodination of methane can be carried out in the presence of (a) HI (b) \(\mathrm{HIO}_{3}\) (c) \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) (d) \(\mathrm{NaOH}\)
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