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Chapter 3: Q15Q (page 127)

Distinguish between cash-basis accounting and accrual-basis accounting. Why is accrual-basis accounting acceptable for most businesses and the cash-basis unacceptable in the preparation of an income statement and a balance sheet?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The primary difference between cash-basis and accrual basis accounting is that in cash-basis accounting, the listing is done when the money comes in and goes out of the business. While in the accrual-basis accounting, the income and the expenses are recorded as soon as they occur.

Accrual-basis accounting is acceptable for businesses because it provides a fair view of a firm鈥檚 finances. However, cash-basis accounting is unacceptable as the timing of cash flows does not indicate the suitable timing of changes in the economic condition of the business.

Step by step solution

01

Step-by-Step SolutionStep 1: Meaning of Accounting

Accounting is defined as the process of determining a company's transactions and supplying information about its financial position to its potential users. This is particularly useful for identifying information for each transaction.

02

Difference between cash-basis and accrual-basis accounting

In the cash basis of accounting, revenue is recognized only when there is a cash receipt, and expenses are listed only when disbursed. On the other hand, in the accrual basis of accounting, revenue is realized when a performance liability is fulfilled, and expenses are listed when incurred without considering the time of receipt or cash disbursement.

03

Acceptance of accrual-basis of accounting in the preparation of income statement and balance sheet

A cash-basis balance sheet and income statement are insufficient and incorrect relative to accrual-basis accounting statements. The accrual-basis equalizes the expenses and revenues in the income statement, while the cash-basis only indicates the cash receipts and payments. The accrual-basis balance sheet comprises accruals, deferrals, receivables, payables, and prepayments; on the other hand, a cash-basis balance sheet does not reflect any of these. Therefore, the accrual basis of accounting is usually preferred by businesses over the cash-basis.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Listed below are the transactions of Yasunari Kawabata, D.D.S., for the month of September.

Sep. 1

Kawabata begins practice as a dentist and invests \(20,000 cash

2

Purchases dental equipment on account from Green Jacket Co. for \)17,280

4

Pays rent for office space, \(680 for the month.

4

Employs a receptionist, Michael Bradley

5

Purchases dental supplies for cash, \)942

8

Receives cash of \(1,690 from patients for services performed

10

Pays miscellaneous office expenses, \)430.

14

Bills patients \(5,820 for services performed.

18

Pays Green Jacket Co. on account, \)3,600.

19

Withdraws \(3,000 cash from the business for personal use.

20

Receives \)980 from patients on account

25

Bills patients \(2,110 for services performed

30

Pays the following expenses in cash: salaries and wages \)1,800; miscellaneous office expenses \(85.

30

Dental supplies used during September, \)330.

Instructions

  1. Enter the transactions shown above in appropriate general ledger accounts (use T-accounts). Use the following ledger accounts: Cash, Accounts Receivable, Supplies, Equipment, Accumulated Depreciation鈥擡quipment, Accounts Payable, Owner鈥檚 Capital, Service Revenue, Rent Expense, Office Expense, Salaries and Wages Expense, Supplies Expense, Depreciation Expense, and Income Summary. Allow 10 lines for the Cash and Income Summary accounts, and 5 lines for each of the other accounts needed. Record depreciation using a 5-year life on the equipment, the straight-line method, and no salvage value. Do not use a drawing account.
  2. Prepare a trial balance
  3. Prepare an income statement, a statement of owner鈥檚 equity, and an unclassified balance sheet.
  4. Close the ledger
  5. Prepare a post-closing trial balance.

Santo Design was founded by Thomas Grant in January 2011. Presented below is the adjusted trial balance as of December 31, 2017.

SANTO DESIGN

ADJUSTED TRIAL BALANCE

DECEMBER 31, 2017


Dr.

Cr.

Cash

\( 11,350

Accounts Receivable

21,500

Supplies

5,000

Prepaid Insurance

2,500

Equipment

60,000

Accumulated Depreciation鈥擡quipment

\) 35,000

Accounts Payable

5,000

Interest Payable

150

Notes Payable

5,000

Unearned Service Revenue

5,600

Salaries and Wages Payable

1,300

Common Stock

10,000

Retained Earnings

3,500

Service Revenue

61,500

Salaries and Wages Expense

11,300

Insurance Expense

850

Interest Expense

150

Depreciation Expense

7,000

Supplies Expense

3,400

Rent Expense

4,000

\(127,050

\)127,050

Instructions

a. Prepare an income statement and a statement of retained earnings for the year ending December 31, 2017, and an unclassified balance sheet at December 31.

b. Answer the following questions.

1.If the note has been outstanding for 6 months, what is the annual interest rate on that note?

2.If the company paid $17,500 in salaries in 2017, what was the balance in Salaries and Wages Payable on December 31, 2016?

Agazzi Repair Shop had the following transactions during the first month of business as a proprietorship. Journalize the transactions. (Omit explanations.) Aug. 2 Invested \(12,000 cash and \)2,500 of equipment in the business. 7 Purchased supplies on account for \(500. (Debit asset account.) 12 Performed services for clients, for which \)1,300 was collected in cash and \(670 was billed to the clients. 15 Paid August rent \)600. 19 Counted supplies and determined that only $270 of the supplies purchased on August 7 are still on hand.

Give an example of a transaction that result in:

  1. A decrease in asset and a decrease in a liability.
  2. A decrease in one asset and an increase in another asset.
  3. A decrease in one liability and an increase in another liability.

E3-15 (L06) (Missing Amounts) Presented below is financial information for two different companies.

Alatorre Company Eduardo Company
Sales revenue \(90,000 (d)
Sales returns and allowances (a) \)5,000
Net sales 81,000 95,000
Cost of goods sold 56,000 (e)
Gross profit (b) 38,000
Operating expenses 15,000 23,000
Net income (c) 15,000

Instructions

Compute the missing amounts.
See all solutions

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