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Chapter 18: Q36Q. (page 1032)

What methods are used in practice to determine the extent of progress toward completion? Identify some 鈥渋nput measures鈥� and some 鈥渙utput measures鈥� that might be used to determine the extent of progress.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The cost-to-cost approach and the units-of-delivery method are used to determine the level of progress toward completion.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Percentage-of-Completion Method

As a corporation approaches the end of a long-term contract, the percentage-of-completion technique measures revenues, expenditures, and gross profit. Deferring recognition of these items till the end of the contract distorts the efforts (costs) and successes of the accounting periods (revenues).

02

Methods used to determine the extent of progress towards completion and some input & output measures used

The units-of-delivery technique and the cost-to-cost methodologyare used to calculate the progress toward completion. Costs and work hours are input measurements, whereas tonnage produced, stories erected in a building, and miles of roads finished are output metrics. All of these tactics aimto quantify progress in terms of costs, units, or value-added.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Tyler Financial Services performs bookkeeping and tax-reporting services to startup companies in the Oconomowoc area. On January 1, 2017, Tyler entered into a 3-year service contract with Walleye Tech. Walleye promises to pay \(10,000 at the beginning of each year, which at contract inception is the standalone selling price for these services. At the end of the second year, the contract is modified and the fee for the third year of services is reduced to \)8,000. In addition, Walleye agrees to pay an additional $20,000 at the beginning of the third year to cover the contract for 3 additional years (i.e., 4 years remain after the modification). The extended contract services are similar to those provided in the first 2 years of the contract.

Instructions

(a) Prepare the journal entries for Tyler in 2017 and 2018 related to this service contract.

(b) Prepare the journal entries for Tyler in 2019 related to the modified service contract, assuming a prospective approach.

(c) Repeat the requirements for part (b), assuming Tyler and Walleye agree on a revised set of services (fewer bookkeeping services but more tax services) in the extended contract period and the modification results in a separate performance obligation.

On January 2, 2017, Grando Company sells production equipment to Fargo Inc. for \(50,000. Grando includes a 2-year assurance warranty service with the sale of all its equipment. The customer receives and pays for the equipment on January 2, 2017. During 2017, Grando incurs costs related to warranties of \)900. At December 31, 2017, Grando estimates that \(650 of warranty costs will be incurred in the second year of the warranty.

Instructions

(a) Prepare the journal entry to record this transaction on January 2, 2017, and on December 31, 2017 (assuming financial statements are prepared on December 31, 2017).

(b) Repeat the requirements for (a), assuming that in addition to the assurance warranty, Grando sold an extended warranty (service-type warranty) for an additional 2 years (2019鈥�2020) for \)800.

Uddin Publishing Co. publishes college textbooks that are sold to bookstores on the following terms. Each title has a fixed wholesale price, terms f.o.b. shipping point, and payment is due 60 days after shipment. The retailer may return a maximum of 30% of an order at the retailer鈥檚 expense. Sales are made only to retailers who have good credit ratings. Past experience indicates that the normal return rate is 12%. The costs of recovery are expected to be immaterial, and the textbooks are expected to be resold at a profit.

Instructions

(a) Identify the revenue recognition criteria that Uddin could employ concerning textbook sales.

(b) Briefly discuss the reasoning for your answers in (a) above.

(c) On July 1, 2017, Uddin shipped books invoiced at \(15,000,000 (cost \)12,000,000). Prepare the journal entry to record this transaction.

(d) On October 3, 2017, \(1.5 million of the invoiced July sales were returned according to the return policy, and the remaining \)13.5 million was paid. Prepare the journal entries for the return and payment.

(e) Assume Uddin prepares financial statements on October 31, 2017, the close of the fiscal year. No other returns are anticipated. Indicate the amounts reported on the income statement and balance related to the above transactions.

On March 1, 2017, Parnevik Company sold goods to Goosen Inc. for \(660,000 in exchange for a 5-year, zerointerest-bearing note in the face amount of \)1,062,937 (an inputed rate of 10%). The goods have an inventory cost on Parnevik鈥檚 books of $400,000. Prepare the journal entries for Parnevik on (a) March 1, 2017, and (b) December 31, 2017.

(Determine Transaction Price) Blair Biotech enters into a licensing agreement with Pang Pharmaceutical for a drug under development. Blair will receive a payment of $10,000,000 if the drug receives regulatory approval. Based on prior experience in the drug-approval process, Blair determines it is 90% likely that the drug will gain approval and a 10% chance of denial.

Instructions

(a) Determine the transaction price of the arrangement for Blair Biotech.

(b) Assuming that regulatory approval was granted on December 20, 2017, and that Blair received the payment from Pang on January 15, 2018, prepare the journal entries for Blair. The license meets the criteria for point-in-time revenue recognition.
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