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Chapter 14: Question 19Q (page 752)

What is the fair value option? Briefly describe the controversy of applying the fair value option to financial liabilities.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The fair value option is the option provided to the firms to use the fair value method while measuring financial assets and liabilities. The use of the fair value option makes it necessary for the business entities to record losses in case of a decrease in the fair value of assets or an increase in the fair value of liabilities.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Fair Value

The term fair value refers to the value of an asset, commodity, or something that can be sold, which is agreed upon by both the parties involved in the transaction, such as the buyer and the seller.

02

Controversy of applying the fair value option to financial liabilities

Since bonds are issued at fair value, it is estimated that the reduction in the value of the bonds is the result of an increase in the interest rate. These gains and losses are recorded in income if it is not associated with the changes in credit risks. In other cases, the value reduction may occur as the issue is more likely to neglect the bonds. It means that in case there is a decline in creditworthiness, the value of its debt will also decline. With the decline in creditworthiness, its bonds will receive a lower rate in comparison to the investors with same-risk investments. Therefore, alterations in the fair value of bonds payable for a reduction in the creditworthiness are regarded as a part of othercomprehensive income.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: (Debtor/Creditor Entries for Continuation of Troubled Debt with New Effective Interest)

Crocker Corp. owes D. Yaeger Corp. a 10-year, 10% note in the amount of \(330,000 plus \)33,000 of accrued interest. The note is due today, December 31, 2017. Because Crocker Corp. is in financial trouble, D. Yaeger Corp. agrees to forgive the accrued interest, \(30,000 of the principal, and to extend the maturity date to December 31, 2020. Interest at 10% of revised principal will continue to be due on 12/31 each year.

Assume the following present value factors for 3 periods.

Single sum

0.93543

0.93201

0.92589

0.92521

0.92184

0.91514

Ordinary annuity of 1

2.86989

2.86295

2.85602

2.84913

2.84226

2.82861

Instructions

(a) Compute the new effective-interest rate for Crocker Corp. following restructure. (Hint: Find the interest rate that establishes approximately \)363,000 as the present value of the total future cash flows.)

(b) Prepare a schedule of debt reduction and interest expense for the years 2017 through 2020.

(c) Compute the gain or loss for D. Yaeger Corp. and prepare a schedule of receivable reduction and interest revenue for the years 2017 through 2020.

(d) Prepare all the necessary journal entries on the books of Crocker Corp. for the years 2017, 2018, and 2019.

(e) Prepare all the necessary journal entries on the books of D. Yaeger Corp. for the years 2017, 2018, and 2019.

The following amortization and interest schedule reflects the issuance of 10-year bonds by Capulet Corporation on January 1, 2011, and the subsequent interest payments and charges. The company鈥檚 year-end is December 31, and financial statements are prepared once yearly.

Amortization Schedule

Year

Cash

Interest

Amount unamortized

Carrying value

1/1/2011

\(5,651

\)94,349

2011

\(11,000

\)11,322

5,329

94,671

2012

11,000

11,361

4,968

95,032

2013

11,000

11,404

4,564

95,436

2014

11,000

11,452

4,112

95,888

2015

11,000

11,507

3,605

95,395

2016

11,000

11,567

3,038

96,962

2017

11,000

11,635

2,403

97,597

2018

11,000

11,712

1,691

98,309

2019

11,000

11,797

894

99,106

2020

11,000

11,894

100,000

Instructions

(a) Indicate whether the bonds were issued at a premium or a discount and how you can determine this fact from the schedule.

(b) Indicate whether the amortization schedule is based on the straight-line method or the effective-interest method, and how you can determine which method is used.

(c) Determine the stated interest rate and the effective-interest rate.

(d) On the basis of the schedule above, prepare the journal entry to record the issuance of the bonds on January 1, 2011.

(e) On the basis of the schedule above, prepare the journal entry or entries to reflect the bond transactions and accruals for 2011. (Interest is paid on January 1.)

(f) On the basis of the schedule above, prepare the journal entry or entries to reflect the bond transactions and accruals for 2018. Capulet Corporation does not use reversing entries.

Shonen Knife Corporation has elected to use the fair value option for one of its notes payable. The note was issued at an effective rate of 11% and has a carrying value of \(16,000. At year-end, Shonen Knife鈥檚 borrowing rate (credit risk) has declined; the fair value of the note payable is now \)17,500. (a) Determine the unrealized holding gain or loss on the note. (b) Prepare the entry to record any unrealized holding gain or loss.

(Entries for Redemption and Issuance of Bonds) Matt Perry, Inc. had outstanding \(6,000,000 of 11% bonds (interest payable July 31 and January 31) due in 10 years. On July 1, it issued \)9,000,000 of 10%, 15-year bonds (interest payable July 1 and January 1) at 98. A portion of the proceeds was used to call the 11% bonds (with unamortized discount of $120,000) at 102 on August 1.

Instructions

Prepare the journal entries necessary to record issue of the new bonds and refunding of the bonds.

Karen Austin Inc. has issued three types of debt on January 1, 2017, the start of the company鈥檚 fiscal year.

  1. \(10 million, 10-year, 15% unsecured bonds, interest payable quarterly. Bonds were priced to yield 12%.
  2. \)25 million par of 10-year, zero-coupon bonds at a price to yield 12% per year.
  3. $20 million, 10-year, 10% mortgage bonds, interest payable annually to yield 12%.

Instructions

Prepare a schedule that identifies the following items for each bond: (1) maturity value, (2) number of interest periods over life of bond, (3) stated rate per each interest period, (4) effective-interest rate per each interest period, (5) payment amount per period, and (6) present value of bonds at date of issue.
See all solutions

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