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Chapter 24: Question 23Q (page 1446)

A close friend of yours, who is a history major and who has not had any college courses or any experience in business, is receiving the financial statements from companies in which he has minor investments (acquired for him by his now-deceased father). He asks you what he needs to know to interpret and evaluate the financial statement data that he is receiving. What would you tell him?

Short Answer

Expert verified

It is recommended that an adequate understanding of the nature and constraints of accounting, as well as the usefulness of financial statement instruments, be obtained.

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of Financial Statement

Reports used by stakeholders, potential investors, and other users of financial statements for the purpose of analyzing the financial data of a company are called financial statements.

02

Interpreting and Valuing Financial Statement Data

In order to properly assess and evaluate financial statement information, the friend must:

  1. Understand the nature and constraintsof accounting.
  2. Be familiar with accounting and business language.
  3. Have some professional expertise.
  4. The nature of the financial statement analysis and the tools it accrues with.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Answer each of the questions in the following unrelated situations.

b) A company had an average inventory last year of $200,000 and its inventory turnover was 5. If sales volume and unit cost remain the same this year as last and inventory turnover is 8 this year, what will average inventory have to be during the current year?

Morlan Corporation is preparing its December 31, 2017, financial statements. Two events that occurred between December 31, 2017, and March 10, 2018, when the statements were authorized for issue, are described below.

  1. A liability, estimated at \(160,000 at December 31, 2017, was settled on February 26, 2018, at \)170,000.
  2. A flood loss of $80,000 occurred on March 1, 2018.

Instructions

What effect do these subsequent events have on 2017 net income?

(Ratio Computations and Additional Analysis) Bradburn Corporation was formed 5 years ago through a public subscription of common stock. Daniel Brown, who owns 15% of the common stock, was one of the organizers of Bradburn and is its current president. The company has been successful, but it currently is experiencing a shortage of funds. On June 10, 2018, Daniel Brown approached the Topeka National Bank, asking for a 24-month extension on two \(35,000 notes, which are due on June 30, 2018, and September 30, 2018. Another note of \)6,000 is due on March 31, 2019, but he expects no difficulty in paying this note on its due date. Brown explained that Bradburn’s cash flow problems are due primarily to the company’s desire to finance a \(300,000 plant expansion over the next 2 fiscal years through internally generated funds. The commercial loan officer of Topeka National Bank requested the following financial reports for the last 2 fiscal years

BRADBURN CORPORATION

BALANCE SHEET

MARCH 31

Assets

2018

2017

Cash

\) 18,200

\( 12,500

Notes receivable

148,000

132,000

Accounts receivable (net)

131,800

125,500

Inventories (at cost)

105,000

50,000

Plant & Equipment (net of depreciation)

1,449,000

1,420,500

Total assets

\)1,852,000

\(1,740,500

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

Accounts payable

\) 79,000

\( 91,000

Notes payable

76,000

61,500

Accrued liabilities

9,000

6,000

Common stock (130,000 shares, \)10 par)

1,300,000

1,300,000

Retained earnings*

388,000

282,000

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

\(1,852,000

\)1,740,500

*Cash dividends were paid at the rate of \(1 per share in the fiscal year 2017 and \)2 per share in the fiscal year 2018.

BRADBURN CORPORATION

INCOME STATEMENT

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31

2018

2017

Sales revenue

\(3,000,000

\)2,700,000

Cost of goods sold*

1,530,000

1,425,000

Gross margin

1,470,000

1,275,000

Operating expenses

860,000

780,000

Income before income taxes

610,000

495,000

Income taxes (40%)

244,000

198,000

Net income

\( 366,000

\) 297,000

Depreciation charges on the plant and equipment of \(100,000 and \)102,500 for fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, and 2018, respectively, are included in the cost of goods sold.

Instructions

b)Identify and explain what other financial reports and/or financial analyses might be helpful to the commercial loan officer of Topeka National Bank in evaluating Daniel Brown’s request for a time extension on Bradburn’s notes.

In calculating inventory turnover, why is cost of goods sold used as the numerator? As the inventory turnover increases, what increasing risk does the business assume?

(Dividend Policy Analysis) Matheny Inc. went public 3 years ago. The board of directors will be meeting shortly after the end of the year to decide on a dividend policy. In the past, growth has been financed primarily through the retention of earnings. A stock or a cash dividend has never been declared. Presented below is a brief financial summary of Matheny Inc.’s operations.

(\(000 omitted)

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

Sales revenue

\)20,000

\(16,000

\)14,000

\(6,000

\)4,000

Net income

2,400

14,000

800

700

250

Average total assets

22,000

19,000

11,500

4,200

3,000

Current assets

8,000

6,000

3,000

1,200

1,000

Working capital

3,600

3,200

1,200

500

400

Common shares:

Number of shares

Outstanding (000)

Average market price

2,000

\(9

2,000

\)6

2,000

$4

20

-

20

-

Instructions

  1. Compute the return on assets, profit margin on sales, earnings per share, price-earnings ratio, and current ratio for each of the 5 years for Matheny Inc.
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