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For what reasons are plant assets retired? Define inadequacy, supersession, and obsolescence.

Short Answer

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Answer

Assets are retired for one of two reasons: physical factors or economic factors—or a combination of both.

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of Depletion

The loss of natural resources as a result of access to them on a regular basis is called depletion.Hence, a company uses it when any kind of registered asset is involved, such as oil, coal, or gravel deposits.

02

Explaining reasons why plant assets are retired. Define inadequacy, supersession, and obsolescence.

Physical or economic factors—or a combination of both—are the causes of asset retirement. Wear and tear, decay, and casualty factors are all physical elements that prevent an item from working indefinitely. Economic considerations might be viewed as any additional limitation that arises to reduce an asset's service life.

Inadequacy, supersession, and obsolescence are three categories that some accountants try to classify economic issues into. Inadequacy is described as a circumstance in which an asset is no longer helpful to a company due to changes in the company's expectations.

A circumstance in which one asset is replaced because another asset is more efficient and cost-effective is known as supersession. When economic concerns are addressed, obsolescence is the catchall phrase that incorporates all other scenarios and is frequently referred to as the primary notion.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(Depreciation Computations—SL, SYD, DDB) Deluxe Ezra Company purchases equipment on January 1, Year 1, at a cost of \(469,000. The asset is expected to have a service life of 12 years and a salvage value of \)40,000.

Instructions

  1. Compute the amount of depreciation for each of Years 1 through 3 using the straight-line depreciation method.
  2. Compute the amount of depreciation for each of Years 1 through 3 using the sum-of-the-years’-digits method.
  3. Compute the amount of depreciation for each of Years 1 through 3 using the double-declining-balance method. (In performing your calculations, round constant percentage to the nearest one-hundredth of a point and round answers to the nearest dollar.)

(Depreciation for Partial Period—SL, SYD, and DDB) Alladin Company purchased Machine #201 on May 1, 2017. The following information relating to Machine #201 was gathered at the end of May.

Price

\(85,000

Credit terms

2/10, n/30

Freight-in

\) 800

Preparation and installation costs

\( 3,800

Labor costs during regular production operations

\)10,500

It is expected that the machine could be used for 10 years, after which the salvage value would be zero. Alladin intends to use the machine for only 8 years, however, after which it expects to be able to sell it for $1,500. The invoice for Machine #201 was paid May 5, 2017. Alladin uses the calendar year as the basis for the preparation of financial statements.

Instructions

  1. Compute the depreciation expense for the years indicated using the following methods. (Round to the nearest dollar.)
    1. Straight-line method for 2017.
    2. Sum-of-the-years’-digits method for 2018.
    3. Double-declining-balance method for 2017.
  2. Suppose Kate Crow, the president of Alladin, tells you that because the company is a new organization, she expects it will be several years before production and sales reach optimum levels. She asks you to recommend a depreciation method that will allocate less of the company’s depreciation expense to the early years and more to later years of the assets’ lives. What method would you recommend?

(Depreciation Basic Concepts) Burnitz Manufacturing Company was organized on January 1, 2017. In 2017, it has used in its reports to management the straight-line method of depreciating its plant assets.

On November 8, you are having a conference with Burnitz’s officers to discuss the depreciation method to be used for income tax and stockholder reporting. James Bryant, president of Burnitz, has suggested the use of a new method, which he feels is more suitable than the straight-line method for the needs of the company during the period of rapid expansion of production and capacity that he foresees. Following is an example in which the proposed method is applied to a fixed asset with an original cost of \(248,000, an estimated useful life of 5 years, and a salvage value of approximately \)8,000.

Year

Year of life used

Fraction rate

Depreciation expense

Accumulated depreciation at the end of year

Book value at the end of Year

1

1

1/15

\(16,000

\) 16,000

$232,000

2

2

2/15

32,000

48,000

200,000

3

3

3/15

48,000

96,000

152,000

4

4

4/15

64,000

160,000

88,000

5

5

5/15

80,000

240,000

8,000

The president favors the new method because he has heard that:

  1. It will increase the funds recovered during the years near the end of the assets’ useful lives when maintenance and replacement disbursements are high.
  2. It will result in increased write-offs in later years and thereby will reduce taxes.

Instructions

  1. What is the purpose of accounting for depreciation?
  2. Is the president’s proposal within the scope of generally accepted accounting principles? In making your decision, discuss the circumstances, if any, under which use of the method would be reasonable and those, if any, under which it would not be reasonable.
  3. The president wants your advice on the following issues.
    1. Do depreciation charges recover or create funds? Explain.

(2) Assume that the Internal Revenue Service accepts the proposed depreciation method in this case. If the proposed method were used for stockholder and tax reporting purposes, how would it affect the availability of cash flows generated by operations?

(Different Methods of Depreciation) Jackel Industries presents you with the following information.

Description

Date Purchased

Cost

Salvage Value

Life in years

Depreciation Method

Accumulated depreciation to 12/31/18

Depreciation for 2019

Machine A

2/12/17

\(142,500

\)16,000

10

(a)

$33,350

(b)

Machine B

8/15/16

(c)

21,000

5

SL

29,000

(d)

Machine C

7/21/15

75,400

23,500

8

DDB

(e)

(f)

Machine D

10/12/(g)

219,000

69,000

5

SYD

70,000

(h)

Instructions

Complete the table for the year ended December 31, 2019. The company depreciates all assets using the half-year convention.

(Depreciation Computations—SYD, DDB—Partial Periods) Judds Company purchased a new plant asset on April 1, 2017, at a cost of \(711,000. It was estimated to have a service life of 20 years and a salvage value of \)60,000. Judds’ accounting period is the calendar year.

Instructions

  1. Compute the depreciation for this asset for 2017 and 2018 using the sum-of-the-years’-digits method.
  2. Compute the depreciation for this asset for 2017 and 2018 using the double-declining-balance method.
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