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Question: Daniel Barenboim sells and erects shell houses, that is, frame structures that are completely finished on the outside but are unfinished on the inside except for flooring, partition studding, and ceiling joists. Shell houses are sold chiefly to customers who are handy with tools and who have time to do the interior wiring, plumbing, wall completion and finishing, and other work necessary to make the shell houses liveable dwellings.Barenboim buys shell houses from a manufacturer in unassembled packages consisting of all lumber, roofing, doors, windows and similar materials necessary to complete a shell house. Upon commencing operations in a new area, Barenboim buys or leases land as a site for its local warehouse, field office, and display houses. Sample display houses are erected at a total cost of \(30,000 to \)40,000 including the cost of the unassembled packages. The chief element of cost of display houses is the unassembled packages, in as much as erection is a short, low-cost operation. Old sample models are torn down or altered into new models every 3 to 7 years. Sample display houses have little salvage value because dismantling and moving costs amount to nearly as much as the cost of an unassembled package.Instructions

  1. A choice must be made between (1) expensing the costs of sample display houses in the periods in which the expenditure is made and (2) spreading the costs over more than one period. Discuss the advantages of each method.
  2. Would it be preferable to amortize the cost of display houses on the basis of (1) the passage of time or (2) the number of shell houses sold? Explain.

Short Answer

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Answer

(a), (1) The desirable treatment of the costs of the sample display houses is expensing them for more than a period.

(2) As per the expense recognition principle, the charge of service potentials should be amortized as the advantages are obtained. Hence, the costs of sample display houses should be matched with the revenue received from the sale of the houses which is obtained over more than a year.

(b) (1) In case all the shell houses are to be sold at different prices, it would be better to assign costs based on the revenue contribution of the shell houses sold. In case all the shell houses are to be sold at a similar price, it may be right to assign the costs of the display houses based on the number of shell houses sold.

(2) Cost amortization totally on the criterion of time may be chosen when the duration of the models can be anticipated with a good deal more exactness than can the number of units that will be sold.

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of Expense Recognition Principle

The expense recognition principle is a basic accounting principle that states that business expenses and revenues are recognized and matched to one accounting period toascertain the correct profit or loss.

02

Explanation for statement ‘a’

  1. The treatment that should be provided to the costs of the sample display houses is to charge them for more than one period. Sample display houses are treated as assets as they provide rights to future service power or financial benefits.
  1. According to the principle of expense recognition, costs of service power should be amortized as assistance is provided. Hence, the costs of sample display houses should be matched with the revenue from the sale of houses which is yet to be paid for a period exceedingly more than a year. As the sample houses are left on a presentation for three to seven years. Daniel Barenboim expects to obtain benefits from the benefits obtained from the displays for at least that period.
03

Explanation for statement ‘b’

  1. If the entire shell houses are brought to be sold at the equilibrium price, it would be just to assign the costs of the number of shell houses sold. The assignment of costs should be similar to the units-of-production method of depreciation and would ultimately lead to better matching of costs with the revenues. However, if the shell houses are sold at unequal prices, the costs should be assigned based on the contribution of revenue of the shell houses sold.
  2. There is unpredictability in association with the number of homes of a specific model which will be sold as a consequence of the display sample. The benefit of the amortization method is based on the fair estimates of the number and selling prices of shell houses to be sold. Cost amortization entirely based on time may be chosen when the time of the models can be anticipated with a huge deal more exactness than can the number of units which will be sold.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: What two assumptions are central to the IASB conceptual framework?

Question: Which of the following statements about the IASB and FASB conceptual frameworks is not correct?

  1. The IASB conceptual framework does not identify the element comprehensive income.
  2. The existing IASB and FASB conceptual frameworks are organized in similar ways.
  3. The FASB and IASB agree that the objective of financial reporting is to provide useful information to investors and creditors.
  4. IFRS does not allow use of fair value as a measurement basis.

Question: William Murray achieved one of his life-long dreams by opening his own business, The Caddie Shack Driving Range, on May 1, 2017. He invested \(20,000 of his own savings in the business. He paid \)6,000 cash to have a small building constructed to house the operations and spent \(800 on golf clubs, golf balls, and yardage signs. Murray leased 4 acres of land for \)1,000 per month. (He paid the first month’s rent in cash.) During the first month, advertising costs totaled \(750, of which \)150 was unpaid at the end of the month. Murray paid his three nephews \(400 for retrieving golf balls. He deposited in the company’s bank account all revenues from customers (\)4,700). On May 15, Murray withdrew \(800 in cash for personal use. On May 31, the company received a utility bill for \)100 but did not immediately pay it. On May 31, the balance in the company bank account was \(15,100.

Murray is feeling pretty good about results for the first month, but his estimate of profitability ranges from a loss of \)4,900 to a profit of \(1,650.

Accounting

Prepare a balance sheet at May 31, 2017. Murray appropriately records any depreciation expense on a quarterly basis. How could Murray have determined that the business operated at a profit of \)1,650? How could Murray conclude that the business operated at a loss of \(4,900?

Analysis

Assume Murray has asked you to become a partner in his business. Under the partnership agreement, after paying him \)10,000, you would share equally in all future profits. Which of the two income measures above would be more useful in deciding whether to become a partner? Explain.

Principles

What is income according to GAAP? What concepts do the differences in the three income measures for The Caddie Shack Driving Range illustrate?

CA2-7 (Expense Recognition Principle) Accountants try to prepare income statements that are as accurate as possible. A basic requirement in preparing accurate income statements is to record costs and revenues properly. Proper recognition of costs and revenues requires that costs resulting from typical business operations be recognized in the period in which they expired.

Instructions

(a) List three criteria that can be used to determine whether such costs should appear as charges in the income statement for the current period

.(b) As generally presented in financial statements, the following items or procedures have been criticized as improperly recognizing costs. Briefly discuss each Item from the viewpoint of matching costs with revenues and suggest corrective or alternative means of presenting the financial information.

(1) Receiving and handling costs.

(2) Cash discounts on purchases.

Revenues, gains, and investments by owners are all increasing in net assets. What are the distinctions among them?

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