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Chapter 2: Q5BE (page 61)

Question: BE2-5 (L03) Presented below are three different transactions related to materiality. Explain whether you would classify these transactions as material.(

a) Blair Co. has reported a positive trend in earnings over the last 3 years. In the current year, it reduces its bad debt allowance to ensure another positive earnings year. The impact of this adjustment is equal to 3% of net income.

(b) Hindi Co. has an unusual gain of \(3.1 million on the sale of plant assets and a \)3.3 million loss on the sale of investments. It decides to net the gain and loss because the net effect is considered immaterial. Hindi Co.'s income for the current year was \(10 million.

(c) Damon Co. expenses all capital equipment under \)25,000 on the basis that it is immaterial. The company has followed this practice for a number of years.

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01

Materiality 

Materiality is one of the ingredients of the fundamental quality-relevance. It means that the transaction is not recorded or misstated which can influence the decision making of the users of financial statements.

It depends on the individual company to decide about the particular information to be material or irrelevant that can influence the decision making of the users of financial statements. In general, the transactions are considered material if the amount involved in such transaction is more than the percent of the net income for the period.

02

(a)

In current year, the allowance for bad debts is reduced to increase the net income. The impact of the transaction is percent of the net income for the current year which is less than the material transaction that is percent of the net income. Hence, the item is immaterial. However, the item is related to the bad debt allowance which will impact the decision making of the user of financial statement.

Thus, the transaction ismaterial.

(b)

The given statement has two transactions and the amount of income for the current year. Every transaction has to be analyzed separately to decide about the materiality. Two transactions are extraordinary items which will have impact on the decision making of the users of financial statements.

Thus, the transaction ismaterial.

(c)

In the current year, the Co. expenses all capital equipment on the basis of previous year鈥檚 practice. The transaction is of regular practice which does not impact the decision of the user of financial statement.

Thus, the transaction isimmaterial.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Identify which basic principle of accounting is best described in each item below.(a) Norfolk Southern Corporation reports revenue in its income statement when the performance obligation is satisfied instead of when the cash is collected.(b) Yahoo! recognizes depreciation expense for a machine over the 2-year period during which that machine helps the company earn revenue.(c) Oracle Corporation reports information about pending lawsuits in the notes to its financial statements.(d) Gap, Inc. reports land on its balance sheet at the amount paid to acquire it, even though the estimated fair value is greater.

What is the basic accounting problem created by the monetary unit assumption when there is significant inflation? What appears to be the FASB position on a stable monetary unit?

E2-7 (L05,6) (Assumptions, Principles, and Constraint) Presented below are a number of operational guidelines and practices that have developed over time.

Instructions

Select the assumption, principle, or constraint that most appropriately justifies these procedures and practices. (Do not use qualitative characteristics.)

  1. Fair value changes are not recognized in the accounting records.
  2. Financial information is presented so that investors will not be misled.
  3. Intangible assets are amortized over periods benefited.
  4. Agricultural companies use fair value for purposes of valuing crops.
  5. Each enterprise is kept as a unit distinct from its owner or owners.
  6. All significant post-balance-sheet events are disclosed.
  7. Revenue is recorded when the product is delivered.
  8. All important aspects of bond indentures are presented in financial statements.
  9. Rationale for accrual accounting.
  10. The use of consolidated statements is justified.
  11. Reporting must be done at defined time intervals.
  12. An allowance for doubtful accounts is established.
  13. Goodwill is recorded only at time of purchase.
  14. A company charges its sales commission costs to expense

Question: William Murray achieved one of his life-long dreams by opening his own business, The Caddie Shack Driving Range, on May 1, 2017. He invested \(20,000 of his own savings in the business. He paid \)6,000 cash to have a small building constructed to house the operations and spent \(800 on golf clubs, golf balls, and yardage signs. Murray leased 4 acres of land for \)1,000 per month. (He paid the first month鈥檚 rent in cash.) During the first month, advertising costs totaled \(750, of which \)150 was unpaid at the end of the month. Murray paid his three nephews \(400 for retrieving golf balls. He deposited in the company鈥檚 bank account all revenues from customers (\)4,700). On May 15, Murray withdrew \(800 in cash for personal use. On May 31, the company received a utility bill for \)100 but did not immediately pay it. On May 31, the balance in the company bank account was \(15,100.

Murray is feeling pretty good about results for the first month, but his estimate of profitability ranges from a loss of \)4,900 to a profit of \(1,650.

Accounting

Prepare a balance sheet at May 31, 2017. Murray appropriately records any depreciation expense on a quarterly basis. How could Murray have determined that the business operated at a profit of \)1,650? How could Murray conclude that the business operated at a loss of \(4,900?

Analysis

Assume Murray has asked you to become a partner in his business. Under the partnership agreement, after paying him \)10,000, you would share equally in all future profits. Which of the two income measures above would be more useful in deciding whether to become a partner? Explain.

Principles

What is income according to GAAP? What concepts do the differences in the three income measures for The Caddie Shack Driving Range illustrate?

Question: For each item below, indicate to which category of elements of financial statements it belongs.

(a) Retained earnings (f) Loss on sale of equipment

(b) Sales (g) Interest payable

(c) Additional paid-in capital (h) Dividends

(d) Inventory (i) Gain on sale of investment

(e) Depreciation (j) Issuance of common stock
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