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Question: For each item below, indicate to which category of elements of financial statements it belongs.

(a) Retained earnings (f) Loss on sale of equipment

(b) Sales (g) Interest payable

(c) Additional paid-in capital (h) Dividends

(d) Inventory (i) Gain on sale of investment

(e) Depreciation (j) Issuance of common stock

Short Answer

Expert verified

The category to which the elements of financial statements belong are:

  1. Retained earnings belongs to equity.

  2. Sales belong to revenues.

  3. Additional paid-in capital belongs to equity.

  4. Inventory belongs to assets.

  5. Depreciation belongs to expenses.

  6. Loss on sale of equipment belongs to losses.

  7. Interest payable belongs to liabilities.

  8. Dividends belong to distribution to owners.

  9. Gain on sale of investment belong to gains.

  10. Issuance of common stock belongs to investment by owners.

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of financial statements

Financial statements are official records of the accounting activities and status of firms, person or other organization.

02

Retained earnings

Retained earnings are the remaining amount of profit left behind with the firm but the disbursement of all its income taxes, direct and indirect costs and its dividends to shareholders. This shows the part of the firm鈥檚 equity that can be used.

03

Sales

Sales are defined as the firm鈥檚 revenue obtained from the sale of products or services. Net sales are also regarded as revenues they are listed directly on the income statement as sales or net sales.

04

Additional paid-in capital

Additional paid-in capital is the variation between the face amount of a stock and the actual price paid for it by the investors. The additional paid-in capital is usually recorded as equity of the shareholders on the balance sheet.

05

Inventory

Inventory is regarded as the raw materials used for generating goods ang goods that are brought out for the purpose of sale. It is grouped as current asset on the balance sheet of the firm.

06

Depreciation

Depreciation is an accounting process that extends the cost of an asset over its estimated useful life. Firms list depreciation as a periodic expense on the income statement. Assets depreciate their amount as they degrade over time.

07

Loss on sale of equipment

Loss on sale of equipment is regarded as an expense account. It is grouped under non-operating loss in the income statement.

08

Interest payable

Interest payable is the value that a person or firm owes to a lender at a specific time but is yet to pay. It assists firms to keep record of their liabilities in their balance sheet as well as prepare their financial statements.

09

Dividends

Dividends are considered as a distribution made to the owners that is related to the number of shares owned. A dividend is not regarded as an expense for the disbursing firm, instead it is denoted as a distribution of its retained earnings.

10

Gain on sale of investment

The value by which the profits from the sale of investments becomes greater than the book value of the investments that were sold. It is listed as a non-operating income on a profit and loss statement.

11

Issuance of common stock

The common stock is basically listed at its market value, which is normally the value of profits obtained. Those profits are assigned first to the face value of the shares (if any), with any excess over face value assigned to additional paid-in capital. Common stock is listed in the investor鈥檚 equity portion of the balance sheet.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The chairman of the company鈥檚 board of directors for which you are the chief accountant has told you that he has little use for accounting figures based on historical cost. He believes that replacement values are of far more significance to the board of directors than 鈥渙ut-of-date costs.鈥 Present some arguments to convince him that accounting data should still be based on historical cost.

Question: An accountant must be familiar with the concepts involved in determining earnings of a business entity. The amount of earnings reported for a business entity is dependent on the proper recognition, in general, of revenues and expenses for a given time period. In some situations, costs are recognized as expenses at the time of product sale. In other situations, guidelines have been developed for recognizing costs as expenses or losses by other criteria.Instructions

  1. Explain the rationale for recognizing costs as expenses at the time of product sale.
  2. What is the rationale underlying the appropriateness of treating costs as expenses of a period instead of assigning the costs to an asset? Explain.
  3. In what general circumstances would it be appropriate to treat a cost as an asset instead of as an expense?
  4. Some expenses are assigned to specific accounting periods on the basis of systematic and rational allocation of asset cost. Explain the underlying rationale for recognizing expenses on the basis of systematic and rational allocation of asset cost.
  5. Identify the conditions under which it would be appropriate to treat a cost as a loss.

Question: Comment on the appropriateness of the accounting procedures followed by Cramer, Inc.

a. Depreciation expense on the building for the year was \(60,000. Because the building was increasing in value during the year, the controller decided to charge the depreciation expense to retained earnings instead of to net income. The following entry is recorded.

Retained Earnings 60,000

Accumulated Depreciation鈥擝uildings 60,000

b. Materials were purchased on January 1, 2017, for \)120,000 and this amount was entered in the Materials account. On December 31, 2017, the materials would have cost \(141,000, so the following entry is made.

Inventory 21,000

Gain on Inventories 21,000

c. During the year, the company purchased equipment through the issuance of common stock. The stock had a par value of \)135,000 and a fair value of \(450,000. The fair value of the equipment was not easily determinable. The company recorded this transaction as follows.

Equipment 135,000

Common Stock 135,000

d. During the year, the company sold certain equipment for \)285,000, recognizing a gain of \(69,000. Because the controller believed that new equipment would be needed in the near future, she decided to defer the gain and amortize it over the life of any new equipment purchased.

e. An order for \)61,500 from a customer for products on hand. This order was shipped on January 9, 2018. The company made the following entry in 2017.

Accounts Receivable 61,500

Sales Revenue 61,500

Question: What two assumptions are central to the IASB conceptual framework?

Question: Briefly describe the types of information concerning financial position, income, and cash flows that might be provided (a) within the main body of the financial statements, (b) in the notes to the financial statements, or (c) as supplementary information.

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