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(Accounting for Self-Constructed Assets) Troopers Medical Labs, Inc., began operations 5 years ago producing stetrics, a new type of instrument it hoped to sell to doctors, dentists, and hospitals. The demand for stetrics far exceeded initial expectations, and the company was unable to produce enough stetrics to meet demand.

The company was manufacturing its product on equipment that it built at the start of its operations. To meet demand, more efficient equipment was needed. The company decided to design and build the equipment, because the equipment currently available on the market was unsuitable for producing stetrics.

In 2017, a section of the plant was devoted to development of the new equipment and a special staff was hired. Within 6 months, a machine developed at a cost of \(714,000 increased production dramatically and reduced labor costs substantially. Elated by the success of the new machine, the company built three more machines of the same type at a cost of \)441,000 each.

Instructions

a. In general, what costs should be capitalized for self-constructed equipment?

b. Discuss the propriety of including in the capitalized cost of self-constructed assets:

(1) The increase in overhead caused by the self-construction of fixed assets.

(2) A proportionate share of overhead on the same basis as that applied to goods manufactured for sale.

c. Discuss the proper accounting treatment of the \(273,000 (\)714,000 − $441,000) by which the cost of the first machine exceeded the cost of the subsequent machines. This additional cost should not be considered research and development costs.

Short Answer

Expert verified

a. The Troopers medical lab Inc. should charge materials and direct labor to the equipment account.

b. 1. Only the incremental costs should be charged.

2. Nothing should be capitalized more than the prevailing amount in the market.

c. The company should allocate the additional costs of $273,000 to all four machines.

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of Acquisition of cost

Acquisition costs areincurred to acquire new assets or a business. These costs can be incurred in three common ways: mergers and acquisitions, fixed resources, and client acquisition

02

(a) Explaining the cost that should be capitalized

The equipment account should be invoice for all materials and direct labor utilized in its construction. Importantly, no benefit of self-construction should be documented because this method contradicts the historical cost principle. The debate is about how indirect expenses, such as power, heat; light, insurance, and property taxes on manufacturing buildings need to be allocated. Below are the possible approaches.

03

(b1) Explaining the increase in overhead caused by the self-construction of fixed assets

Many pupils feel that the asset's cost should only include the variable overhead expenses that arise from the construction. This method implies that the company's fixed costs will remain the same whether the asset is built or not; hence allocating a portion of the constant overhead costs to the equipment will reduce current expenses and, as a result, overestimate current period income. As a result, only the additional expenses should be assessed.

04

(b2) Explaining the proportionate share of overhead on the same basis as that applied to goods manufactured for sale

Alternative (2) proponents say that such assets should be treated the same as inventory items, with all expenses allocated to them as if saleable things were being created. They argue that no special treatment should be given in cost allocation as long as appropriate information is provided to make the decision. They suggest overhead to permanent assets at regular intervals, comparable to allocating to joint goods and byproducts. Of course, no item should be capitalized at a higher rate than the current market rate.

05

(c) Explaining the proper accounting treatment

It might be argued that the $273,000 additional expenditures should be assigned to all four machines because development costs are typically greater on the first few units. The additional expenses should be expensed if they are related to inefficiency rather than development expenditures.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Garcia Corporation purchased a truck by issuing an $80,000, 4-year, zero-interest-bearing note to Equinox Inc. The market rate of interest for obligations of this nature is 10%. Prepare the journal entry to record the purchase of this truck.

Question: What interest rates should be used in determining the amount of interest to be capitalized? How should the amount of interest to be capitalized be determined?

(Purchase of Computer with Zero-Interest-Bearing Debt) Cardinals Corporation purchased a computer on December 31, 2016, for \(105,000, paying \)30,000 down and agreeing to pay the balance in five equal installments of $15,000 payable each December 31 beginning in 2017. An assumed interest rate of 10% is implicit in the purchase price.

Instructions

(Round to two decimal places.)

  1. Prepare the journal entry(ies) at the date of purchase.
  2. Prepare the journal entry(ies) at December 31, 2017, to record the payment and interest (effective-interest method employed).
  3. Prepare the journal entry(ies) at December 31, 2018, to record the payment and interest (effective-interest method employed).

(Entries for Acquisition of Assets) Presented below is information related to Zonker Company.

1. On July 6, Zonker Company acquired the plant assets of Doonesbury Company, which had discontinued operations. The appraised value of the property is:

Land

\( 400,000

Buildings

1,200,000

Equipment

800,000

Total

\)2,400,000

Zonker Company gave 12,500 shares of its \(100 par value common stock in exchange. The stock had a market price of \)168 per share on the date of the purchase of the property.

2. Zonker Company expended the following amounts in cash between July 6 and December 15, the date when it first occupied the building.

Repairs to building

\(105,000

Construction of bases for equipment to be installed later

135,000

Driveways and parking lots

122,000

Remodeling of office space in building, including new partitions and walls

161,000

Special assessment by city on land

18,000

3. On December 20, the company paid cash for equipment, \)260,000, subject to a 2% cash discount, and freight on equipment of $10,500.

Instructions

Prepare entries on the books of Zonker Company for these transactions.

(Nonmonetary Exchange) Cannondale Company purchased an electric wax melter on April 30, 2017, by trading in its old gas model and paying the balance in cash. The following data relate to the purchase.

List price of new melter

\(15,800

Cash paid

10,000

Cost of old melter (5-year life, \)700 salvage value)

11,200

Accumulated depreciation—old melter (straight-line)

6,300

Secondhand fair value of old melter

5,200

Instructions

Prepare the journal entry(ies) necessary to record this exchange, assuming that the exchange

  1. has commercial substance, and
  2. lacks commercial substance. Cannondale’s fiscal year ends on December 31, and depreciation has been recorded through December 31, 2016.
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