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(Analysis of Subsequent Expenditures) Plant assets often require expenditures subsequent to acquisition. It is important that they be accounted for properly. Any errors will affect both the balance sheets and income statements for a number of years.

Instructions

For each of the following items, indicate whether the expenditure should be capitalized (C) or expensed (E) in the period incurred.

  1. __________ Improvement.
  2. __________ Replacement of a minor broken part on a machine.
  3. __________ Expenditure that increases the useful life of an existing asset.
  4. __________ Expenditure that increases the efficiency and effectiveness of a productive asset but does not increase its salvage value.
  5. __________ Expenditure that increases the efficiency and effectiveness of a productive asset and increases the asset鈥檚 salvage value.
  6. __________ Expenditure that increases the quality of the output of the productive asset.
  7. __________ Improvement to a machine that increased its fair market value and its production capacity by 30% without extending the machine鈥檚 useful life.
  8. __________ Ordinary repairs.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Only items (b) and (h) are expensed, and the rest of the items will be capitalized.

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of Subsequent Expenditure

Subsequent expenditures refer to those expenditures that are incurred after the acquisition of the asset. These expenditures should either be capitalized or expensed.

02

Explaining the items that should be capitalized or expensed

S.no.

Items

Explanation

(a)

Improvement.

Improvement should be capitalized when the value is greater than $10,000.

(b)

Replacement of a minor broken part on a machine.

Replacing a small broken part on the machine prolongs the asset's life, so it needs to be expensed.

(c)

Expenditure that increases the useful life of an existing asset.

When an expense is incurred on an existing asset, increasing the asset's life and is beneficial in the future, this expense needs to be capitalized.

(d)

Expenditure that increases the efficiency and effectiveness of a productive asset but does not increase its salvage value.

Any expense that increases the capacity and effectiveness of a productive asset should be capitalizedbecause its benefits are for a longer period.

(e)

Expenditure that increases the efficiency and effectiveness of a productive asset and increases the asset鈥檚 salvage value.

The expense gives the asset the advantage of efficiency and effectiveness and also increases the asset's salvage value; the expense needs to be capitalized as it gives longevity to the asset.

(f)

Expenditure increases the quality of the output of the productive asset.

When expenditure incurred on the asset results in asset quality and productivity in the long run, then the expenditure should be capitalized as the efficiency of the asset is increased, which will be beneficial for the future.

(g)

Improvement to a machine that increased its fair market value and its production capacity by 30% without extending the machine鈥檚 useful life.

Improvement expense needs to becapitalized because it leads to long-term benefits. Assets improvement increases the efficiency and effectiveness of the asset.

(h)

Ordinary repairs

An ordinary expense is an expense that does not increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the asset. So it must be treated as an expense because its benefit is only for less than a year.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(Capitalization of Interest) Vania Magazine Company started construction of a warehouse building for its own use at an estimated cost of \(5,000,000 on January 1, 2016, and completed the building on December 31, 2016. During the construction period, Vania has the following debt obligations outstanding.

Construction loan鈥12% interest, payable semiannually, issued December 31, 2015

\)2,000,000

Short-term loan鈥10% interest, payable monthly, and principal payable at maturity, on May 30, 2017

1,400,000

Long-term loan鈥11% interest, payable on January 1 of each year; principal payable on January 1, 2019

1,000,000

Total cost amounted to \(5,200,000, and the weighted average of accumulated expenditures was \)3,500,000.

Jane Esplanade, the president of the company, has been shown the costs associated with this construction project and capitalized on the balance sheet. She is bothered by the 鈥渁voidable interest鈥 included in the cost. She argues that, first, all the interest is unavoidable鈥攏o one lends money without expecting to be compensated for it. Second, why can鈥檛 the company use all the interest on all the loans when computing this avoidable interest? Finally, why can鈥檛 her company capitalize all the annual interest that accrued over the period of construction?

Instructions

(Round the weighted-average interest rate to two decimal places.)

You are the manager of accounting for the company. In a memo, explain what avoidable interest is, how you computed it (being especially careful to explain why you used the interest rates that you did), and why the company cannot capitalize all its interest for the year. Attach a schedule supporting any computations that you use.

(Asset Acquisition) Hayes Industries purchased the following assets and constructed a building as well. All this was done during the current year.

Assets 1 and 2: These assets were purchased as a lump sum for \(100,000 cash. The following information was gathered.

Description

Initial Cost on Seller鈥檚 Books

Depreciation to Date on Seller鈥檚 Books

Book Value on Seller鈥檚 Books

Appraised value

Machinery

\)100,000

\(50,000

\)50,000

\(90,000

Equipment

60,000

10,000

50,000

30,000

Asset 3: This machine was acquired by making a \)10,000 down payment and issuing a \(30,000, 2-year, zero-interest-bearing note. The note is to be paid off in two \)15,000 installments made at the end of the first and second years. It was estimated that the asset could have been purchased outright for \(35,900.

Asset 4: This machinery was acquired by trading in used machinery. (The exchange lacks commercial substance.) Facts concerning the trade-in are as follows.

Cost of machinery traded

\)100,000

Accumulated depreciation to date of sale

40,000

Fair value of machinery traded

80,000

Cash received

10,000

Fair value of machinery acquired

70,000

Asset 5: Equipment was acquired by issuing 100 shares of \(8 par value common stock. The stock had a market price of \)11 per share.

Construction of Building: A building was constructed on land purchased last year at a cost of \(150,000. Construction began on February 1 and was completed on November 1. The payments to the contractor were as follows.

Date

Payment

2/1

\)120,000

6/1

360,000

9/1

480,000

11/1

100,000

To finance construction of the building, a \(600,000, 12% construction loan was taken out on February 1. The loan was repaid on November 1. The firm had \)200,000 of other outstanding debt during the year at a borrowing rate of 8%.

Instructions

Record the acquisition of each of these assets.

(Analysis of Subsequent Expenditures) King Donovan 91影视 Group has been in its plant facility for 15 years. Although the plant is quite functional, numerous repair costs are incurred to maintain it in sound working order. The company鈥檚 plant asset book value is currently \(800,000, as indicated below.

Original cost

\)1,200,000

Accumulated depreciation

400,000

Book value

\( 800,000

The following expenditures were made to the plant facility during the current year.

  1. Because of increased demand for its product, the company increased its plant capacity by building a new addition at \)270,000.
  2. The entire plant was repainted at a cost of \(23,000.
  3. The roof was an asbestos cement slate. For safety purposes, it was removed and replaced with a wood shingle roof at a cost of \)61,000. Book value of the old roof was \(41,000.
  4. The electrical system was completely updated at a cost of \)22,000. The cost of the old electrical system was not known. It is estimated that the useful life of the building will not change as a result of this updating.
  5. A series of major repairs were made at a cost of $47,000, because parts of the wood structure were rotting. The cost of the old wood structure was not known. These extensive repairs are estimated to increase the useful life of the building.

Instructions

Indicate how each of these transactions would be recorded in the accounting records.

Magilke Industries acquired equipment this year to be used in its operations. The equipment was delivered by the suppliers, installed by Magilke, and placed into operation. Some of it was purchased for cash with discounts available for prompt payment. Some of it was purchased under long-term payment plans for which the interest charges approximated prevailing rates. What costs should Magilke capitalize for the new equipment purchased this year? Explain.

(Acquisition Costs of Trucks) Kelly Clarkson Corporation operates a retail computer store. To improve delivery services to customers, the company purchases four new trucks on April 1, 2017. The terms of acquisition for each truck are described below.

  1. Truck #1 has a list price of \(15,000 and is acquired for a cash payment of \)13,900.
  2. Truck #2 has a list price of \(16,000 and is acquired for a down payment of \)2,000 cash and a zero-interest-bearing note with a face amount of \(14,000. The note is due April 1, 2018. Clarkson would normally have to pay interest at a rate of 10% for such a borrowing, and the dealership has an incremental borrowing rate of 8%.
  3. Truck #3 has a list price of \)16,000. It is acquired in exchange for a computer system that Clarkson carries in inventory. The computer system cost \(12,000 and is normally sold by Clarkson for \)15,200. Clarkson uses a perpetual inventory system.
  4. Truck #4 has a list price of \(14,000. It is acquired in exchange for 1,000 shares of common stock in Clarkson Corporation. The stock has a par value per share of \)10 and a market price of $13 per share.

Instructions

Prepare the appropriate journal entries for the above transactions for Clarkson Corporation.

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