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91Ó°ÊÓ

To what extent do you consider the following items to be proper costs of the fixed asset? Give reasons for your opinions.

  1. Overhead of a business that builds its own equipment.
  2. Cash discounts on purchases of equipment.
  3. Interest paid during the construction of a building.
  4. Cost of a safety device installed on a machine.
  5. Freight on equipment returned before installation, for replacement by other equipment of greater capacity.
  6. Cost of moving machinery to a new location.
  7. Cost of plywood partitions erected as part of the remodeling of the office.
  8. Replastering of a section of the building.
  9. Cost of a new motor for one of the trucks.

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. A plant asset account is charged for overhead.
  2. Plant assets should be written off to expense.
  3. Avoidable or actual interest cost, whichever is lower, be capitalized.
  4. The cost of a safety device should be capitalized.
  5. The freight should be regarded as a loss.
  6. The cost of one installation should be capitalized for any piece of equipment.
  7. Remodeling costs may be capitalized.
  8. Re-plastering should be treated as an expense.
  9. Extraordinary repair should be charged against the accumulated depreciation on the truck.

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of Fixed Asset

In accounting terms, a fixed asset is atangible used for more than one year. All fixed assets except land have a tenancy for depreciation on account of obsolescence, and depreciation expense is charged to the books of accounts every year.

02

(a) Overhead of a business that builds its equipment.

Some accountants believe that the increased overhead created by such a building should be charged to the equipment account. When overhead is charged to the plant asset account on the same basis and at the same pace as output, a more accurate number for equipment cost emerges.

03

(b) Cash discounts on purchases of equipment

Some accountants consider all cash discounts to be financial or other income, regardless of whether they stem from the payment of product or plant assets bills. Others argue that because the discount indicates a price decrease rather than revenue, only the net amount spent for plant assets should be capitalized. The latter stance appears more plausible because plant assets are acquired for use rather than sale and written down to expenditure over time.

04

(c) Interest paid during the construction of a building

Suppose sufficient time is required to get an asset to the condition and location required for its intended use. In that case, avoidable or actual interest costs, whichever is smaller, be capitalized as part of the acquisition cost.

05

(d) Cost of a safety device installed on a machine

If material is added to the machine, which increases the life or utility of the fixed asset, it should be capitalized in the machinery account.

06

(e) Freight on equipment returned before installation

For replacement by other equipment of greater capacity.The freight should be considered a loss if ordering the original equipment was a mistake, whether due to judgment or otherwise. If information becomes available after the order is placed indicating that purchasing new equipment is more advantageous, the cost of return freight may be considered a required expense of the new equipment.

07

(f) Cost of moving machinery to a new location

For every piece of equipment, only the cost of one installation should be capitalized. As a result, the original installation and any accrued depreciation should be deducted from the accounts, while the new installation expenses (i.e., relocation costs) should be capitalized. If this is not practicable and the cost of relocation is significant, it is capitalized and depreciated properly throughout the period it is to operations.

08

(g) Cost of plywood partitions erected in the remodeling of the office

This is included in the renovation cost and may be capitalized if the remodeling is of such character that it is an addition to the structure rather than just a replacement or repair.

09

(h) Re-plastering of a section of the building

This appears to be more of a repair than anything else and, as such, should be considered a cost

10

(i) Cost of a new motor for one of the trucks

The truck's useful life is likely to be extended due to this. As a result, it might be considered an unusual repair and deducted from the truck's total depreciation. Estimate the truck's remaining service life and adjust the depreciation to write off the net book value, minus salvage, over the remaining useful life. If feasible, delete the old motor's cost and related depreciation and add the new motor's cost.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(Analysis of Subsequent Expenditures) King Donovan 91Ó°ÊÓ Group has been in its plant facility for 15 years. Although the plant is quite functional, numerous repair costs are incurred to maintain it in sound working order. The company’s plant asset book value is currently \(800,000, as indicated below.

Original cost

\)1,200,000

Accumulated depreciation

400,000

Book value

\( 800,000

The following expenditures were made to the plant facility during the current year.

  1. Because of increased demand for its product, the company increased its plant capacity by building a new addition at \)270,000.
  2. The entire plant was repainted at a cost of \(23,000.
  3. The roof was an asbestos cement slate. For safety purposes, it was removed and replaced with a wood shingle roof at a cost of \)61,000. Book value of the old roof was \(41,000.
  4. The electrical system was completely updated at a cost of \)22,000. The cost of the old electrical system was not known. It is estimated that the useful life of the building will not change as a result of this updating.
  5. A series of major repairs were made at a cost of $47,000, because parts of the wood structure were rotting. The cost of the old wood structure was not known. These extensive repairs are estimated to increase the useful life of the building.

Instructions

Indicate how each of these transactions would be recorded in the accounting records.

(Asset Acquisition) Hayes Industries purchased the following assets and constructed a building as well. All this was done during the current year.

Assets 1 and 2: These assets were purchased as a lump sum for \(100,000 cash. The following information was gathered.

Description

Initial Cost on Seller’s Books

Depreciation to Date on Seller’s Books

Book Value on Seller’s Books

Appraised value

Machinery

\)100,000

\(50,000

\)50,000

\(90,000

Equipment

60,000

10,000

50,000

30,000

Asset 3: This machine was acquired by making a \)10,000 down payment and issuing a \(30,000, 2-year, zero-interest-bearing note. The note is to be paid off in two \)15,000 installments made at the end of the first and second years. It was estimated that the asset could have been purchased outright for \(35,900.

Asset 4: This machinery was acquired by trading in used machinery. (The exchange lacks commercial substance.) Facts concerning the trade-in are as follows.

Cost of machinery traded

\)100,000

Accumulated depreciation to date of sale

40,000

Fair value of machinery traded

80,000

Cash received

10,000

Fair value of machinery acquired

70,000

Asset 5: Equipment was acquired by issuing 100 shares of \(8 par value common stock. The stock had a market price of \)11 per share.

Construction of Building: A building was constructed on land purchased last year at a cost of \(150,000. Construction began on February 1 and was completed on November 1. The payments to the contractor were as follows.

Date

Payment

2/1

\)120,000

6/1

360,000

9/1

480,000

11/1

100,000

To finance construction of the building, a \(600,000, 12% construction loan was taken out on February 1. The loan was repaid on November 1. The firm had \)200,000 of other outstanding debt during the year at a borrowing rate of 8%.

Instructions

Record the acquisition of each of these assets.

Slaton Corporation traded a used truck for a new truck. The used truck cost \(20,000 and has accumulated depreciation of \)17,000. The new truck is worth \(35,000. Slaton also made a cash payment of \)33,000. Prepare Slaton’s entry to record the exchange. (The exchange has commercial substance.)

What accounting treatment is normally given to the following items in accounting for plant assets? (a) Additions. (b) Major repairs. (c) Improvements and replacements.

Question: (Classification of Costs and Interest Capitalization) On January 1, 2017, Blair Corporation purchased for \(500,000 a tract of land (site number 101) with a building. Blair paid a real estate broker’s commission of \)36,000, legal fees of \(6,000, and title guarantee insurance of \)18,000. The closing statement indicated that the land value was \(500,000 and the building value was \)100,000. Shortly after acquisition, the building was razed at a cost of \(54,000.

Blair entered into a \)3,000,000 fixed-price contract with Slatkin Builders, Inc. on March 1, 2017, for the construction of an office building on land site number 101. The building was completed and occupied on September 30, 2018. Additional construction costs were incurred as follows:

Plans, specifications, and blueprints \(21,000

Architects’ fees for design and supervision 82,000

The building is estimated to have a 40-year life from date of completion and will be depreciated using the 150% declining balance method.

To finance construction costs, Blair borrowed \)3,000,000 on March 1, 2017. The loan is payable in 10 annual installments of \(300,000 starting on March 1, 2018, plus interest at the rate of 10%. Blair’s weighted-average amounts of accumulated building construction expenditures were as follows.

For the period March 1 to December 31, 2017 \)1,300,000

For the period January 1 to September 30, 2018 1,900,000

Instructions

  1. Prepare a schedule that discloses the individual costs making up the balance in the land account in respect of land site number 101 as of September 30, 2018.
  2. Prepare a schedule that discloses the individual costs that should be capitalized in the office building account as of September 30, 2018. Show supporting computations in good form.
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