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Chapter 7: Problem 12
If the helicases were missing during replication, what would happen to the replication process?
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It is essential that RNA primers at the ends of Okazaki fragments be removed and replaced by DNA because otherwise which of the following events would result? a. The RNA might not be accurately read during transcription, thus interfering with protein synthesis. b. The RNA would be more likely to contain errors because primase lacks a proofreading function. c. The stretches of RNA would destabilize and begin to break up into ribonucleotides, thus creating gaps in the sequence. d. The RNA primers would be likely to hydrogen bond to each other, forming complex structures that might interfere with the proper formation of the DNA helix.
In a diploid cell in which \(2 n=14\), how many telomeres are there in each of the following phases of the cell cycle? (a) \(\mathrm{G} 1\) (b) \(\mathrm{G} 2\) (c) mitotic prophase (d) mitotic telophase
E. coli chromosomes in which every nitrogen atom is labeled (that is, every nitrogen atom is the heavy isotope \(^{15} \mathrm{N}\) instead of the normal isotope \(^{14} \mathrm{N}\) ) are allowed to replicate in an environment in which all the nitrogen is \(^{14} \mathrm{N}\). Using a solid line to represent a heavy polynucleotide chain and a dashed line for a light chain, sketch each of the following descriptions: a. The heavy parental chromosome and the products of the first replication after transfer to a \(^{14} \mathrm{N}\) medium, assuming that the chromosome is one DNA double helix and that replication is semiconservative. b. Repeat part \(a\), but now assume that replication is conservative. c. Repeat part \(a,\) but assume that the chromosome is in fact two side-by-side double helices, each of which replicates semiconservatively. d. Repeat part \(c,\) but assume that each side-by-side double helix replicates conservatively and that the overall chromosome replication is semiconservative. e. If the daughter chromosomes from the first division in \(^{14} \mathrm{N}\) are spun in a cesium chloride density gradient and a single band is obtained, which of the possibilities in parts \(a\) through \(d\) can be ruled out? Reconsider the Meselson and Stahl experiment: What does it prove?
Assume that a certain bacterial chromosome has one origin of replication. Under some conditions of rapid cell division, replication could start from the origin before the preceding replication cycle is complete. How many replication forks would be present under these conditions?
Which of the following is not a key property of hereditary material? a. It must be capable of being copied accurately. b. It must encode the information necessary to form proteins and complex structures. c. It must occasionally mutate. d. It must be able to adapt itself to each of the body's tissues.
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