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Chapter 9: Problem 13

List the structural differences between DNA and RNA.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The structural differences between DNA and RNA include the sugar component (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), the difference in one nitrogenous base (thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA), and the physical structure (DNA is double-stranded while RNA is usually single-stranded).

Step by step solution

01

Identify the differences in the sugar component

DNA and RNA have different sugars. DNA has deoxyribose, while RNA has ribose. The difference is that ribose has one more -OH group than deoxyribose, which has -H attached to the second (2') carbon in the ring.
02

Recognize the difference in the nitrogenous bases

DNA and RNA also differ in one of their nitrogenous bases: DNA uses thymine while RNA uses uracil. They are similar in shape and size, but thymine has a methyl group while uracil does not.
03

Differentiate the structure

Finally, DNA is typically double-stranded, forming a double helix, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The genetic material found within some viruses is single-stranded DNA. Would this genetic material contain equal amounts of \(A\) and \(T\) and equal amounts of \(\mathrm{G}\) and \(\mathrm{C}\) ?

A DNA-binding protein recognizes the following double-stranded sequence: $$ \begin{aligned} &5^{\prime}-\mathrm{GCCCGGGC}-3^{\prime} \\ &3^{\prime}-\mathrm{CGGGCCCG}-5^{\prime} \end{aligned} $$ This type of double-stranded structure could also occur within the stem region of an RNA stem-loop. Discuss the structural differences between RNA and DNA that might prevent the DNAbinding protein from recognizing a double-stranded RNA molecule.

Draw the structure of a phosphodiester linkage.

What is the meaning of the term genetic material?

An organism has a \(\mathrm{G}+\mathrm{C}\) content of \(64 \%\) in its DNA. What are the percentages of \(A, T, G\), and \(C\) ?
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