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Chapter 8: Problem 3

How does a chromosomal duplication occur?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Chromosomal duplication occurs in several steps: first, DNA replication generates two identical copies of each chromosome. Then, during chromosome segregation, these duplicate chromosomes are evenly divided into two new nuclei. Finally, the cell itself divides into two daughter cells through a process known as cytokinesis.

Step by step solution

01

DNA Replication

In the first stage of chromosomal duplication, DNA replication occurs. This is where the DNA helix unwinds and each strand acts as a template for the synthesis of a new, complementary strand. This results in two identical copies of each chromosome, held together in a region called the centromere.
02

Chromosome Segregation

Once the chromosomes have been duplicated, the process of segregation occurs. During this phase, the duplicated chromosomes are separated into two equal and identical sets, each in its own new nucleus.
03

Cell Division

After chromosome segregation, the cell itself completes the division process and produces two daughter cells. Each daughter cell contains an exact copy of the original cell's chromosomes. This part of the process is known as cytokinesis.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Two phenotypically normal parents produce a phenotypically abnormal child in which chromosome 5 is missing part of its long arm but has a piece of chromosome 7 attached to it. The child also has one normal copy of chromosome 5 and two normal copies of chromosome 7. With regard to chromosomes 5 and 7 , what do you think are the chromosomal compositions of the parents?

While conducting field studies on a chain of islands, you decide to karyotype two phenotypically identical groups of turtles, which are found on different islands. The turtles on one island have 24 chromosomes, but those on another island have 48 chromosomes. How would you explain this observation? How do you think the turtles with 48 chromosomes came into being? If you crossed the two types of turtles, would you expect the offspring to be phenotypically normal? Would you expect them to be fertile? Explain.

Male honeybees, which are haploid, produce sperm by meiosis. Explain what unusual event (compared with other animals) must occur during spermatogenesis in honeybees to produce sperm. Does this unusual event occur during meiosis I or meiosis II?

What is endopolyploidy? What is its biological significance?

A person is born with one \(\mathrm{X}\) chromosome, zero \(\mathrm{Y}\) chromosomes, trisomy 21 , and two copies of the other chromosomes. How many chromosomes does this person have altogether? Explain whether this person is euploid or aneuploid.
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