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Chapter 8: Problem 3

How does a chromosomal duplication occur?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Chromosomal duplication occurs in several steps: first, DNA replication generates two identical copies of each chromosome. Then, during chromosome segregation, these duplicate chromosomes are evenly divided into two new nuclei. Finally, the cell itself divides into two daughter cells through a process known as cytokinesis.

Step by step solution

01

DNA Replication

In the first stage of chromosomal duplication, DNA replication occurs. This is where the DNA helix unwinds and each strand acts as a template for the synthesis of a new, complementary strand. This results in two identical copies of each chromosome, held together in a region called the centromere.
02

Chromosome Segregation

Once the chromosomes have been duplicated, the process of segregation occurs. During this phase, the duplicated chromosomes are separated into two equal and identical sets, each in its own new nucleus.
03

Cell Division

After chromosome segregation, the cell itself completes the division process and produces two daughter cells. Each daughter cell contains an exact copy of the original cell's chromosomes. This part of the process is known as cytokinesis.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Meiotic nondisjunction is much more likely than mitotic nondisjunction. Based on this observation, would you conclude that meiotic nondisjunction is usually due to nondisjunction during meiosis I or meiosis II? Explain your reasoning.

Explain why small deletions and duplications are less likely to have a detrimental effect on an individual's phenotype than large ones. If a small deletion within a single chromosome happens to have a phenotypic effect, what would you conclude about the genes in the region affected by the deletion?

A cytogeneticist has collected tissue samples from members of a certain butterfly species. Some of the butterflies were located in Canada, and others were found in Mexico. Through karyotyping, the cytogeneticist discovered that chromosome 5 of the Canadian butterflies had a large inversion compared with chromosome 5 of the Mexican butterflies. The Canadian butterflies were inversion homozygotes, whereas the Mexican butterflies had two normal copies of chromosome \(5 .\) A. Explain whether a mating between Canadian and Mexican butterflies would produce phenotypically normal offspring. B. Explain whether the offspring of a cross between Canadian and Mexican butterflies would be fertile.

Female fruit flies homozygous for the X-linked white-eye allele are crossed to males with red eyes. On very rare occasions, an offspring of such a cross is a male with red eyes. Assuming these rare offspring are not due to a new mutation in one of the mother's \(\mathrm{X}\) chromosomes that converted the white-eye allele into a red-eye allele, explain how a red-eyed male arises.

Explain why a translocation cross occurs during metaphase of meiosis I when a cell contains a reciprocal translocation.
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