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Chapter 8: Problem 29

Describe some of the advantages of polyploid plants. What are the consequences of having an odd number of chromosome sets?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Polyploid plants, having multiple sets of chromosomes, show benefits such as larger cells and organs, and increased genetic diversity permitting greater adaptability to environmental changes. An odd number of chromosome sets, however, can cause problems during meiosis due to difficulties in correctly separating the chromosomes into pairs, typically resulting in reduced fertility or sterility.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Polyploidy

Polyploid plants have multiple sets of chromosomes, usually more than the usual two sets found in most organisms (diploidy). Examples of such plants include wheat and strawberries. The first part of the question asks about the advantages of this polyploidy in plants.
02

Advantages of Polyploid Plants

Polyploid plants have a number of advantages. They typically show characteristics such as larger cell size and consequently larger organs such as leaves, fruits and seeds. Also, the increased genetic diversity provides a wide range of adaptability, which may make these plants more resistant to environmental changes.
03

Understanding consequences of an odd number of Chromosome sets

The second part of the exercise asks about the consequences of having an odd number of chromosome sets. An uneven number of chromosome sets can occur naturally, but it can cause complications during meiosis (the process of cell division that produces gametes).
04

Consequences of Odd Number of Chromosome Sets

The main problem is that during meiosis, chromosomes are separated into pairs. When there鈥檚 an odd number of chromosome sets, these pairs can't be formed accurately, leading to issues with segregation. This typically results in reduced fertility or sterility in the organism.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

While conducting field studies on a chain of islands, you decide to karyotype two phenotypically identical groups of turtles, which are found on different islands. The turtles on one island have 24 chromosomes, but those on another island have 48 chromosomes. How would you explain this observation? How do you think the turtles with 48 chromosomes came into being? If you crossed the two types of turtles, would you expect the offspring to be phenotypically normal? Would you expect them to be fertile? Explain.

Which of the following terms should not be used to describe a human with three copies of chromosome 12 ? A. Polyploid B. Triploid C. Aneuploid D. Euploid E. \(2 n+1\) F. Trisomy 12

A zookeeper has collected a male and a female lizard that look like they belong to the same species. They mate with each other and produce phenotypically normal offspring. However, the offspring are sterile. Suggest one or more explanations for their sterility.

What is a gene family? How are gene families produced over time? With regard to gene function, what is the biological significance of a gene family?

Which changes in chromosome structure cause a change in the total amount of genetic material, and which do not?
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